Zwackhia sorediifera (P. James) Ertz

Zwackhia sorediifera (P. James) Ertz

in Diederich & al., Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb., 113: 106, 2012. Basionym: Opegrapha sorediifera P. James - Lichenologist, 2: 86, 1962

Synonyms:

Distribution:

Description: Thallus crustose, thinly episubstratic, smooth to slightly scurfy, rarely poorly evident, pale to medium brown, sorediate, forming up to 5 cm wide patches delimited by a thin, dark prothalline line. Soralia at first punctiform, 0.4-1.2 mm wide, usually remaining discrete, rarely turnig maculiform and up to 3 mm wide, becoming confluent in old thalli, pale orange-yellow when fresh, turning cream-coloured in the herbarium; soredia farinose, 12-25 µm wide. Apothecia short-lirelliform, usually not branched, black, epruinose, 0.3-0.6(-1.3) x 0.12-0.3 mm, up to 0.15 mm tall, scattered, semi-immersed to sessile, with a slit-like disc. Proper exciple black, K+ weakly olive-green, 80−100 µm thich at base, becoming thinner but always remaining close below the hymenium; epithecium pale brown; hymenium colourless, 90-120 µm high, I+ red; paraphysoids branched and anastomosing, 1-1.2 µm thick, the apical cells hardly swollen; hypothecium dark. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, the inner layer of the endoascus amyloid throughout, the apical I+ blue ring-structure hardly visible. Ascospores 10-14-septate with rectangular loculi, hyaline, elongate-fusiform, 30-45(-60) x 4-5 µm, with a distinct, 0.5–0.9 µm thick perispore. Pycnidia black. Conidia bacilliform, straight, 4-6 x (0.5-)0.8(-1) µm. Photobiont trentepohlioid. Spot tests: soralia K-, C+ fleeting pink-red, KC+ fleeting red, P-, UV-. Chemistry: gyrophoric acid, concentrated in the soralia.

Note: a mainly western species found on base-rich bark in humid, shaded situations. To be looked for in Tyrrhenian Italy.

Growth form: Crustose

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)

Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

pH of the substrata:

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5

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Solar irradiation:

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5

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Aridity:

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5

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Camaret, on Ilex

Andres Saag - CC BY NC ND

Herbarium: Holotype
Source: http://www.eseis.ut.ee/LichenPhoto_2200/Opegrapha_sorediifera_a2.jpg fungi/schismatomma-niveum

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Lostmarc'h

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Lostmarc'h

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Lostmarc'h

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Kernaleguen

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Kernaleguen

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Andres Saag - CC BY NC ND http://www.eseis.ut.ee/LichenPhoto_2200/Opegrapha_sorediifera_a2.jpg fungi/schismatomma-niveum

Holotype

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Camaret, on Ilex

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Camaret, on Ilex

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Camaret, on Ilex

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

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