Zwackhia sorediifera (P. James) Ertz

Zwackhia sorediifera (P. James) Ertz

in Diederich & al., Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb., 113: 106, 2012. Basionym: Opegrapha sorediifera P. James - Lichenologist, 2: 86, 1962

Synonyms:

Distribution:

Description: Thallus crustose, thinly episubstratic, smooth to slightly scurfy, rarely evanescent, pale to medium brown, sorediate, delimited by a thin, dark prothalline line. Soralia punctiform, usually remaining discrete, rarely maculiform and becoming confluent in old thalli, 0.4-1.5(-3) mm wide, pale orange-yellow when fresh, turning cream-coloured in the herbarium; soredia farinose, 12-26 µm wide. Apothecia short-lirelliform, usually not branched, black, epruinose, 0.3-0.6(-1.3) x 0.12-0.3 mm, 0.06-0.14 mm tall, scattered, semi-immersed to sessile, with a slit-like disc. Proper exciple black, K+ weakly olive-green, thinner but always close below the hymenium; epithecium pale brown; hymenium colourless, 90-120 µm, high, I+ red; paraphysoids branched and anastomosing, 1-1.2 µm thick, the apical cells hardly swollen; hypothecium dark. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, the inner layer of the endoascus amyloid throughout, the apical I+ blue ring-structure hardly visible. Ascospores 10-14-septate, hyaline, elongate-fusiform, 30-40(-58) x 4-5 µm, with a distinct perispore. Pycnidia black. Conidia bacilliform, 4-6 x 0.6-0.8 µm. Photobiont trentepohlioid. Spot tests: soralia K-, C+ pink-red, KC+ red, P-, UV-. Chemistry: gyrophoric acid.

Note: a mainly western species found on base-rich bark in humid, shaded situations. To be looked for in Tyrrhenian Italy.

Growth form: Crustose

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)

Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Camaret, on Ilex

Andres Saag - CC BY NC ND

Herbarium: Holotype
Source: http://www.eseis.ut.ee/LichenPhoto_2200/Opegrapha_sorediifera_a2.jpg fungi/schismatomma-niveum

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Lostmarc'h

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Lostmarc'h

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Lostmarc'h

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Kernaleguen

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Kernaleguen

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Roscanvel

Andres Saag - CC BY NC ND http://www.eseis.ut.ee/LichenPhoto_2200/Opegrapha_sorediifera_a2.jpg fungi/schismatomma-niveum

Holotype

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Camaret, on Ilex

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Camaret, on Ilex

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Camaret, on Ilex

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1104&lang=en

France, Landevennec

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