Buellia aethalea (Ach.) Th. Fr.

Lichenogr. Scand., 2: 604, 1874. Basionym: Gyalecta aethalea Ach. - Lichenogr. Univ.: 669, 1810.
Synonyms: Buellia aethaleoides (Nyl.) H. Olivier; Buellia atropallidula (Nyl.) J. Lahm; Buellia baltica Erichsen; Buellia impressula (Leight.) A.L. Sm.; Buellia nigerrima (Nyl.) Arnold; Buellia sororia Th. Fr.; Buellia sororioides Erichsen; Buellia subatra Erichsen; Buellia verruculosa (Sm.) Mudd non auct.; Lecidea atroalbella auct. non (Nyl.) Nyl.; Rinodina immersata (Nyl.) H. Olivier; Rinodina ocellulata Bagl. & Carestia; Rinodina umbrinofusca (Nyl.) H. Olivier
Distribution: N - Frl (Tretiach & Hafellner 2000), TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2022), Lomb (Favero-Longo & al. 2023), Piem (Isocrono & al. 2003, 2004, Favero-Longo & al. 2004, 2015), VA (Matteucci & al. 2015c), Lig. C - Tosc, Sar (Scheidegger 1993, Nöske 2000, Rizzi & al. 2011, Neuwirth 2018). S - Camp (Aprile & al. 2002), Bas (Jatta 1909-1911), Si (Grillo & Caniglia 2004).
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, areolate, grey to pale brown, dull, epruinose, phenocorticate, often mosaic-forming, forming up to 2 cm wide patches delimited by a black prothallus which is often also visible between the areoles as a hypothallus, the areoles 0.2-0.6(-1.2) mm wide, contiguous, flat to convex. Medulla white, more or less amyloid. Apothecia cryptolecanorine or zeorine, (0.1-)0.2-0.4(-0.7) mm across, remaining immersed in the thallus, angular to irregularly circular, mainly in the centre of areoles, with a black, epruinose, flat disc and a usually indistinct proper margin, sometimes surrounded by a thalline collar. Proper exciple poorly differentiated, Aethalea-type, the inner hyphae narrow, hyaline, prosoplectenchymatous, the outer hyphae parallel, moderately swollen and usually strongly carbonized with brown and aeruginose pigments reacting N+ violet-red; epithecium brownish green to olive, N+ violet-red; hymenium colourless, not inspersed with oil droplets; paraphyses simple to moderately branched, apically swollen, with a brown pigment cap; hypothecium almost colourless to dark brown, without large oil droplets. Asci 8-spored, clavate to cylindrical-clavate, the apical dome K/I+ dark blue with a pale, conical-pointed apical cushion (axial mass), the wall I-, but the thin outer gel I+ blue, Bacidia-type. Ascospores 1-septate, brown, broadly oblong with obtuse ends, (9.5-)13-18(-20) x (4.5-)7-10(-12) µm, Buellia- type, thin-walled throughout, the wall microrugulate. Pycnidia rare, urceolate to globose, unilocular. Conidia bacilliform, 5-8 x c. 1 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: K+ red (needle-like crystals), C-, KC-, P+ yellow-orange, UV-. Chemistry: norstictic and connorstictic acids.
Note: on horizontal to weakly inclined, exposed surfaces of hard, crystalline siliceous rocks wetted by rain, mostly in species-poor stands, common only in dry areas.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Pioneer species

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: rather rare
Subalpine belt: rather common
Oromediterranean belt: very rare
Montane belt: rather common
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare
Dry mediterranean belt: extremely rare

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1134&lang=enhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=115&lang=en
France, sur substrat artificiel (ici aluminium) Gouézec


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Buellia_aethalea.htm
France, Coscione, bergeries de Chiralbella, alt. 1600 m - Corse
7/10/2014


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Buellia_aethalea.htm
France, Coscione, bergeries de Chiralbella, alt. 1600 m - Corse
7/10/2014


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Buellia_aethalea.htm
France, Coscione, bergeries de Chiralbella, alt. 1600 m - Corse
7/10/2014


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Buellia_aethalea.htm
France, Coscione, bergeries de Chiralbella, alt. 1600 m - Corse
7/10/2014


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Buellia_aethalea.htm
France, Coscione, bergeries de Chiralbella, alt. 1600 m - Corse
7/10/2014


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Buellia_aethalea.htm
France, Coscione, bergeries de Chiralbella, alt. 1600 m - Corse
7/10/2014


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=115&lang=en
France, Sillon de Talber


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=115&lang=en
France, Sillon de Talber


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=115&lang=en
France, Sillon de Talber


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=115&lang=en
France, Sillon de Talber


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=115&lang=en
France, Sillon de Talber


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=115&lang=en
France, Sillon de Talber


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=115&lang=en
France, Sillon de Talber


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=115&lang=en
France, Argol


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=115&lang=en
France, Argol


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=115&lang=en
France, Argol


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=115&lang=en
France, Argol


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=115&lang=en
France, Argol


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1134&lang=enhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=115&lang=en
France, sur substrat artificiel (ici aluminium) Gouézec



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 32674


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1134&lang=enhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=115&lang=en
France, sur substrat artificiel (ici aluminium) Gouézec


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1134&lang=enhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=115&lang=en
France, sur substrat artificiel (ici aluminium) Gouézec


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1134&lang=enhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=115&lang=en
France, sur substrat artificiel (ici aluminium) Gouézec


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1134&lang=enhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=115&lang=en
France, sur substrat artificiel (ici aluminium) Gouézec


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1134&lang=enhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=115&lang=en
France, sur substrat artificiel (ici aluminium) Gouézec


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
On the siliceous wall of a cemetery. Thallus K+ yellow, later red, Pd+ yellow. Central Europe; Germany; Hesse: Taunus mountains Espenschied).


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
On siliceous rocks. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident: Eichler & Cezanne).


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
On siliceous rocks. Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident: Eichler & Cezanne).