Ramalina peruviana Ach.
Lich. Univ.: 599, 1810.
Synonyms: Ramalina crispans Werner; Ramalina hyrcana Sipman
Distribution:
Description: Thallus fruticose, greenish, shrubby or tufted, up to 5 cm long (usually less), densely and intricately branched, the branches often twisted, solid, with ellipsoid to linear pseudocyphellae and often with dense, fragile lateral branchlets, slightly flattened but not clearly dorsiventral, 0.1-0.9(-1.5) mm wide, with conspicuous, well-delimited, marginal soralia bearing granulose soredia and often also small fibrils. Cortex 2-layered, the outer part paraplectenchymatous, the inner part cartilaginous; medulla compact. Apothecia very rare (unknown in Mediterranean samples), lecanorine, 0.5-2 mm across, with a concave, greenish to pale brown disc and an often crenulate, thin thalline margin. Epithecium pale brownish-olive; hymenium and hypothecium colourless; paraphyses thick-walled, richly branched in upper part. Asci 8-spored, the apical dome K/I+ dark blue with a pale, conical-pointed apical cushion (axial mass), the wall I-, but the thin outer gel I+ blue, Bacidia-type. Ascospores 1-septate, hyaline, narrowly fusiform, straight or slightly curved, 14-18(-20) x 3-4.5 μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: K-, C-, KC- or KC+ pale yellow (cortex only), P-. Chemistry: cortex with usnic acid; medulla with homosekikaic and sekikaic acids.Note: a widespread, mainly tropical-subtropical species also reported (as R. crispans) from Morocco and Greece, mostly growing on twigs in open vegetation. For further information see Spjut & al. (2020) and Sipman & Ramírez Ordaya (2023) . To be looked for in Mediterranean Italy.
Growth form: Fruticose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Poorly known taxon in need of further study
Predictive model
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[11195], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel: SO-Ufer des Lagoa Azul, 37°51.307' N, 25°47.060' W, 280 m; an Laubbaumrinden. Leg. F. Schumm 06.06.2003, det. F. Schumm conf. A. Aptroot 2006
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
Herbarium: TSB 11511
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[11195], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel: SO-Ufer des Lagoa Azul, 37°51.307' N, 25°47.060' W, 280 m; an Laubbaumrinden. Leg. F. Schumm 06.06.2003, det. F. Schumm conf. A. Aptroot 2006
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[11195], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel: SO-Ufer des Lagoa Azul, 37°51.307' N, 25°47.060' W, 280 m; an Laubbaumrinden. Leg. F. Schumm 06.06.2003, det. F. Schumm conf. A. Aptroot 2006
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[11195], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel: SO-Ufer des Lagoa Azul, 37°51.307' N, 25°47.060' W, 280 m; an Laubbaumrinden. Leg. F. Schumm 06.06.2003, det. F. Schumm conf. A. Aptroot 2006
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[11195], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel: SO-Ufer des Lagoa Azul, 37°51.307' N, 25°47.060' W, 280 m; an Laubbaumrinden. Leg. F. Schumm 06.06.2003, det. F. Schumm conf. A. Aptroot 2006
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19255], Norfolk Island, Rocky Point Reserve, 29°03' S, 167°55' E, 60 m, on Pinus tree in mixed Araucaria and exotic woodland. Leg. J.A.Elix (18252) & H. Streimann, 02.12.1984. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 099.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19255], Norfolk Island, Rocky Point Reserve, 29°03' S, 167°55' E, 60 m, on Pinus tree in mixed Araucaria and exotic woodland. Leg. J.A.Elix (18252) & H. Streimann, 02.12.1984. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 099.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19255], Norfolk Island, Rocky Point Reserve, 29°03' S, 167°55' E, 60 m, on Pinus tree in mixed Araucaria and exotic woodland. Leg. J.A.Elix (18252) & H. Streimann, 02.12.1984. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 099.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19255], Norfolk Island, Rocky Point Reserve, 29°03' S, 167°55' E, 60 m, on Pinus tree in mixed Araucaria and exotic woodland. Leg. J.A.Elix (18252) & H. Streimann, 02.12.1984. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 099.
223 Ramalina peruviana h: homosekikaic acid, sk: sekikaic acid, ra: ramalinolic acid
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL50826], Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Pedra Talhada private
area. On tree bark in Atlantic rain forest. 9°15’ S, 36°25’35’’ W, 500 m.
Leg. M. Cáceres, A. Aptroot (no 50826) & J.G. Cavalcante, 24.07.2019.
Det. A. Aptroot, 2019.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL50826], Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Pedra Talhada private
area. On tree bark in Atlantic rain forest. 9°15’ S, 36°25’35’’ W, 500 m.
Leg. M. Cáceres, A. Aptroot (no 50826) & J.G. Cavalcante, 24.07.2019.
Det. A. Aptroot, 2019.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[KW320], Japan. Honshu. Prov. Izu (Pref. Shizuoka): Kosugihara,
Matsuzaki-cho, Kamo-gun. On stone work, 300 m. Leg. H. Kashiwadani
(no. 34644) & H. Shibuichi, 07.04.1988, det. H. Kashiwadani. EX H.
KASHIWADANI: LICHENES MINUS COGNITI EXSICCATI NO. 320.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[KW320], Japan. Honshu. Prov. Izu (Pref. Shizuoka): Kosugihara,
Matsuzaki-cho, Kamo-gun. On stone work, 300 m. Leg. H. Kashiwadani
(no. 34644) & H. Shibuichi, 07.04.1988, det. H. Kashiwadani. EX H.
KASHIWADANI: LICHENES MINUS COGNITI EXSICCATI NO. 320.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[OH420], Japan. Kyushu. Prov. Hizen (Pref. Nagasaki): Tera-machi,
Nagasaki-city. On rock, 50 m. Leg. Y. Asahina & M. Togashi (s.n.),
25.11.1959, det. Y, Ohmura. EX Y. OHMURA: LICHENES MINUS COGNITI
EXSICCATI NO. 420.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[OH420], Japan. Kyushu. Prov. Hizen (Pref. Nagasaki): Tera-machi,
Nagasaki-city. On rock, 50 m. Leg. Y. Asahina & M. Togashi (s.n.),
25.11.1959, det. Y, Ohmura. EX Y. OHMURA: LICHENES MINUS COGNITI
EXSICCATI NO. 420.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[OH669], Japan. Kyushu. Bungo Prov. (Ohita Pref.): Fujin-iwa near
Monjusen Temple, Kunimi, Kunisaki-city. On rock, 380 m. Leg. K.
Umezu (no.14), 26.05.2019, det. H. Kashiwadani. EX Y. OHMURA:
LICHENES MINUS COGNITI EXSICCATI NO. 669.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[OH669], Japan. Kyushu. Bungo Prov. (Ohita Pref.): Fujin-iwa near
Monjusen Temple, Kunimi, Kunisaki-city. On rock, 380 m. Leg. K.
Umezu (no.14), 26.05.2019, det. H. Kashiwadani. EX Y. OHMURA:
LICHENES MINUS COGNITI EXSICCATI NO. 669.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[VZ2272], Australia. Queensland. Sellin's Road, 1 km ad occidentem a
Mt. Mee State Forest Station, 500 m. In ramulis fruticum. Leg. J.
Hafellner (no. 18865), et N. Stevens, 13.08.1986. EX A. V ZDA: LICHENES
SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2272.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[VZ2272], Australia. Queensland. Sellin's Road, 1 km ad occidentem a
Mt. Mee State Forest Station, 500 m. In ramulis fruticum. Leg. J.
Hafellner (no. 18865), et N. Stevens, 13.08.1986. EX A. V ZDA: LICHENES
SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2272.
Growth form: Fruticose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Poorly known taxon in need of further study
Predictive model
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[11195], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel: SO-Ufer des Lagoa Azul, 37°51.307' N, 25°47.060' W, 280 m; an Laubbaumrinden. Leg. F. Schumm 06.06.2003, det. F. Schumm conf. A. Aptroot 2006
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
Herbarium: TSB 11511
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[11195], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel: SO-Ufer des Lagoa Azul, 37°51.307' N, 25°47.060' W, 280 m; an Laubbaumrinden. Leg. F. Schumm 06.06.2003, det. F. Schumm conf. A. Aptroot 2006
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[11195], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel: SO-Ufer des Lagoa Azul, 37°51.307' N, 25°47.060' W, 280 m; an Laubbaumrinden. Leg. F. Schumm 06.06.2003, det. F. Schumm conf. A. Aptroot 2006
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[11195], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel: SO-Ufer des Lagoa Azul, 37°51.307' N, 25°47.060' W, 280 m; an Laubbaumrinden. Leg. F. Schumm 06.06.2003, det. F. Schumm conf. A. Aptroot 2006
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[11195], Portugal, Azoren, Sao Miguel: SO-Ufer des Lagoa Azul, 37°51.307' N, 25°47.060' W, 280 m; an Laubbaumrinden. Leg. F. Schumm 06.06.2003, det. F. Schumm conf. A. Aptroot 2006
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19255], Norfolk Island, Rocky Point Reserve, 29°03' S, 167°55' E, 60 m, on Pinus tree in mixed Araucaria and exotic woodland. Leg. J.A.Elix (18252) & H. Streimann, 02.12.1984. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 099.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19255], Norfolk Island, Rocky Point Reserve, 29°03' S, 167°55' E, 60 m, on Pinus tree in mixed Araucaria and exotic woodland. Leg. J.A.Elix (18252) & H. Streimann, 02.12.1984. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 099.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19255], Norfolk Island, Rocky Point Reserve, 29°03' S, 167°55' E, 60 m, on Pinus tree in mixed Araucaria and exotic woodland. Leg. J.A.Elix (18252) & H. Streimann, 02.12.1984. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 099.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19255], Norfolk Island, Rocky Point Reserve, 29°03' S, 167°55' E, 60 m, on Pinus tree in mixed Araucaria and exotic woodland. Leg. J.A.Elix (18252) & H. Streimann, 02.12.1984. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 099.
223 Ramalina peruviana h: homosekikaic acid, sk: sekikaic acid, ra: ramalinolic acid
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL50826], Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Pedra Talhada private area. On tree bark in Atlantic rain forest. 9°15’ S, 36°25’35’’ W, 500 m. Leg. M. Cáceres, A. Aptroot (no 50826) & J.G. Cavalcante, 24.07.2019. Det. A. Aptroot, 2019.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL50826], Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Pedra Talhada private area. On tree bark in Atlantic rain forest. 9°15’ S, 36°25’35’’ W, 500 m. Leg. M. Cáceres, A. Aptroot (no 50826) & J.G. Cavalcante, 24.07.2019. Det. A. Aptroot, 2019.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[KW320], Japan. Honshu. Prov. Izu (Pref. Shizuoka): Kosugihara, Matsuzaki-cho, Kamo-gun. On stone work, 300 m. Leg. H. Kashiwadani (no. 34644) & H. Shibuichi, 07.04.1988, det. H. Kashiwadani. EX H. KASHIWADANI: LICHENES MINUS COGNITI EXSICCATI NO. 320.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[KW320], Japan. Honshu. Prov. Izu (Pref. Shizuoka): Kosugihara, Matsuzaki-cho, Kamo-gun. On stone work, 300 m. Leg. H. Kashiwadani (no. 34644) & H. Shibuichi, 07.04.1988, det. H. Kashiwadani. EX H. KASHIWADANI: LICHENES MINUS COGNITI EXSICCATI NO. 320.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[OH420], Japan. Kyushu. Prov. Hizen (Pref. Nagasaki): Tera-machi, Nagasaki-city. On rock, 50 m. Leg. Y. Asahina & M. Togashi (s.n.), 25.11.1959, det. Y, Ohmura. EX Y. OHMURA: LICHENES MINUS COGNITI EXSICCATI NO. 420.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[OH420], Japan. Kyushu. Prov. Hizen (Pref. Nagasaki): Tera-machi, Nagasaki-city. On rock, 50 m. Leg. Y. Asahina & M. Togashi (s.n.), 25.11.1959, det. Y, Ohmura. EX Y. OHMURA: LICHENES MINUS COGNITI EXSICCATI NO. 420.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[OH669], Japan. Kyushu. Bungo Prov. (Ohita Pref.): Fujin-iwa near Monjusen Temple, Kunimi, Kunisaki-city. On rock, 380 m. Leg. K. Umezu (no.14), 26.05.2019, det. H. Kashiwadani. EX Y. OHMURA: LICHENES MINUS COGNITI EXSICCATI NO. 669.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[OH669], Japan. Kyushu. Bungo Prov. (Ohita Pref.): Fujin-iwa near Monjusen Temple, Kunimi, Kunisaki-city. On rock, 380 m. Leg. K. Umezu (no.14), 26.05.2019, det. H. Kashiwadani. EX Y. OHMURA: LICHENES MINUS COGNITI EXSICCATI NO. 669.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[VZ2272], Australia. Queensland. Sellin's Road, 1 km ad occidentem a Mt. Mee State Forest Station, 500 m. In ramulis fruticum. Leg. J. Hafellner (no. 18865), et N. Stevens, 13.08.1986. EX A. V ZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2272.
