Buellia stellulata (Taylor) Mudd

Man. Brit. Lich.: 216, 1861. Basionym: Lecidea stellulata Taylor in J. Mackay - Fl. Hibern., 2: 118, 1836.
Synonyms: Buellia candidula Arnold
Distribution: N - TAA, Lomb (Favero-Longo & al. 2023), Piem (Favero-Longo & al. 2015), VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999), Lig (Lazzarin 2000b). C - Tosc, Laz, Sar (Scheidegger 1993, Rizzi & al. 2011). S - Camp (Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Garofalo & al. 2010), Bas, Cal (Puntillo 1996), Si (Grillo & Caniglia 2004).
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, areolate, whitish to rarely grey, epruinose forming up to 2 cm wide, orbicular patches, often delimited by a conspicuous dark prothallus, the black hypothallus often visible between the areoles. Phenocortex present; medulla white, devoid of crystals, I-. Apothecia lecideine, 0.2-0.4(-0.5) mm across, immersed to adnate, rarely sessile, with a black, flat to convex disc and a black to grey (remains of necrotic thalline material), thin, rarely finally excluded proper margin. Proper exciple very thin, Aethalea-type, the inner hyphae hyaline, prosoplectenchymatous (resembling paraphyses), the outer hyphae parallel, moderately swollen and usually strongly pigmented with brown and aeruginose pigments, N+ violet; epithecium olive-green to olive-brown, N+ violet; hymenium colourless, without oil droplets, 45-70 µm high; paraphyses simple to sparingly branched, the apical cells swollen, with a brown cap; hypothecium dark reddish brown. Asci 8-spored, clavate to cylindrical-clavate, the apical dome K/I+ dark blue with a pale, conical-pointed apical cushion (axial mass), the wall I-, but the thin outer gel I+ blue, Bacidia-type. Ascospores 1-septate, brown, oblong to oblong-ellipsoid, not constricted at septum, (8-)10-13(-15) x (4.5-)5-7(-8) µm, Buellia-type, the wall smooth. Pycnidia urceolate to globose, black, immersed in the thallus. Conidia bacilliform, 3.5-5 x (0.5-)1(-1.5) µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P- or P+ faintly yellow, UV-. Chemistry: atranorin, confluentic and 2'-O-methylperlatolic acids.
Note: a mild-temperate to subtropical lichen found on hard siliceous rocks, both near the coast in Mediterranean Italy, and in dry-warm Alpine valleys. B. maritima, considered as a synonym of this species by Scheidegger (1993), is a different, calcicolous and more strictly coastal lichen. Records from the Alps, corresponding to B. candidula Arnold, deserve further study.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: extremely rare
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: very rare
Humid mediterranean belt: rather rare
Dry mediterranean belt: extremely rare

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Buellia_stellulata.htm
France, Lanslebourg, alt. 1925 m - Mont Cenis - Savoie
4/8/2011


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Buellia_stellulata.htm
France, Lanslebourg, alt. 1925 m - Mont Cenis - Savoie
4/8/2011


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Buellia_stellulata.htm
France, Lanslebourg, alt. 1925 m - Mont Cenis - Savoie
4/8/2011


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Buellia_stellulata.htm
France, Lanslebourg, alt. 1925 m - Mont Cenis - Savoie
4/8/2011


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Buellia_stellulata.htm
France, Lanslebourg, alt. 1925 m - Mont Cenis - Savoie
4/8/2011


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Buellia_stellulata.htm
France, Lanslebourg, alt. 1925 m - Mont Cenis - Savoie
4/8/2011


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=112&lang=en
France, Cap Sizun


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=112&lang=en
France, Porz Gwen


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=112&lang=en
France, Porz Gwen