Calicium salicinum Pers.

Ann. Bot. (Usteri), 7: 20, 1794.
Synonyms: Calicium hyperellum var. salicinum (Pers.) Schaer.; Calicium lichenoides (L.) Schumach.; Calicium salicinum var. xylonellum (Ach.) Trevis.; Calicium sphaerocephalum (L.) Ach.; Calicium sphaerocephalum var. xylonellum (Ach.) Wahlenb.; Calicium trachelinum Ach.; Calicium xylonellum Ach.
Distribution: N - Frl (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Ven (Nascimbene 2008c, Nascimbene & al. 2013b), TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2007b, 2022, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Lomb (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Emil (Nimis & al. 1996, Brunialti & al. 2001, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Benesperi 2009, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Putortì & al. 1999b, Giordani & al. 2025). C - Tosc (Tretiach & Nimis 1994, Loppi & De Dominicis 1996b, Loppi & al. 1997b, Putortì & al. 1999, Tretiach & al. 2008, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Benesperi 2011), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Umb (Ravera 1998, Ravera & al. 2006, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Laz (Ravera 2002b, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Abr (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Caporale & al. 2016, Gheza & al. 2021), Mol (Caporale & al. 2008, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Sar (Zedda 2002, 2002b, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Cossu 2013). S - Camp (Aprile & al. 2003b, Brunialti & al. 2013, Ravera & Brunialti 2013), Pugl (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Bas (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Brackel 2011, Cassola & al. 2025), Cal (Puntillo 1994, 1995, 1996, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Si (Grillo 1996, Schicchi & al. 1997, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Campisi & al. 2020).
Description: Thallus crustose, endosubstratic and appearing as a grey stain, or thinly episubstratic and granular, grey-green. Apothecia long-stalked, pin-like, black with a brown pruina on the margin and underside of the capitulum. Stalk (0.4-)0.6-1.5 mm high, 0.05-0.12 mm thick, black or brown-pruinose in the uppermost part, of sclerotized, dark, irregularly interwoven hyphae, the outer layer covered with a thin, paler, non-amyloid gelatinous sheath. Capitulum lenticular, 0.2-0.4(-0.6) mm across, with a well-developed, cup-shaped exciple of isodiametrical to slightly elongated, heavily sclerotized cells; mazaedium well developed, black; hypothecium blackish brown, with a convex upper surface. Asci cylindrical, formed singly, dissolving early, with uniseriately arranged ascospores. Ascospores 1-septate, dark brown, ellipsoid, 8-11 x 3.5-5 µm, thick-walled, with minute, spirally arranged ridges and later also some irregular cracks. Pycnidia globose, semi-immersed, 0.06-0.12 mm across, the conidiophores branched and anastomosing, with 3-6 µm long cells. Conidia acrogenous or pleurogenous, simple, hyaline, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid 2-2.5 x c. 1.5 µm, but sometimes very narrow and curved, 5-8 x <1 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K+ dull yellow then reddish, C-, KC+ dull yellow-orange, P- or P+ pale yellow-orange; brown pruina on the capitulum K+ red (needle-like crystals); ascomata I- in all parts. Chemistry: thallus with norstictic and/or placodiolic acid.
Note: a holarctic, temperate species, most frequent on dry parts of the boles of deciduous, acid-barked trees, but also on lignum (fence-posts, decorticated stumps), most frequent in the montane belt, throughout Italy.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark and lignum
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
In underhangs rarely wetted by rain

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: very rare
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: rather rare
Submediterranean belt: very rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: rare
Humid mediterranean belt: very rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

12345

Solar irradiation:

12345

Aridity:

12345

Eutrophication:

12345

Poleotolerance:

0123

Altitudinal distribution:

123456


Predictive model
Herbarium samples


Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[3139], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwarzwald, Weg vom Feldberg zur Zastler Hütte, ca. 1300 m, TK 8114. Leg. Schumm & Wolf 30.08.1987, det. Schumm 1987.



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (13671)
2001/12/05



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (13671)
2001/12/05


Felix Schumm- CC BY-SA 4.0
[17165], Brasilien, São Paulo, Serra do Mar, Serra de Paranapiacaba, etwa 80 km SW von São Paulo, an Zaunpfosten am Rande eines hellen, feuchten Urwalds am Rio Junquiá. Leg. K. Kalb & G. Plöbst , 24.03.1979, det. L. Tibell. KALB: LICHENES NEOTROPICI 490


Fotos Prof. G. Hillmann/Lund – CC BY-SA 4.0
[3139], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwarzwald, Weg vom Feldberg zur Zastler Hütte, ca. 1300 m, TK 8114. Leg. Schumm & Wolf 30.08.1987, det. Schumm 1987.


Fotos Prof. G. Hillmann/Lund – CC BY-SA 4.0
[3139], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwarzwald, Weg vom Feldberg zur Zastler Hütte, ca. 1300 m, TK 8114. Leg. Schumm & Wolf 30.08.1987, det. Schumm 1987.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[3139], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwarzwald, Weg vom Feldberg zur Zastler Hütte, ca. 1300 m, TK 8114. Leg. Schumm & Wolf 30.08.1987, det. Schumm 1987.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[3139], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwarzwald, Weg vom Feldberg zur Zastler Hütte, ca. 1300 m, TK 8114. Leg. Schumm & Wolf 30.08.1987, det. Schumm 1987.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[3139], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwarzwald, Weg vom Feldberg zur Zastler Hütte, ca. 1300 m, TK 8114. Leg. Schumm & Wolf 30.08.1987, det. Schumm 1987.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[3139], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwarzwald, Weg vom Feldberg zur Zastler Hütte, ca. 1300 m, TK 8114. Leg. Schumm & Wolf 30.08.1987, det. Schumm 1987.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[3139], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwarzwald, Weg vom Feldberg zur Zastler Hütte, ca. 1300 m, TK 8114. Leg. Schumm & Wolf 30.08.1987, det. Schumm 1987.



Domenico Puntillo - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Calabria



Domenico Puntillo - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Calabria



Domenico Puntillo - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Calabria


Mark Rahill - CC BY-SA 4.0
USA



Domenico Puntillo CC BY-SA 4.0



Domenico Puntillo CC BY-SA 4.0


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C2/Calicium_salicinum.htm
France, Sur Quercus robur âgé - Cluny - Saône-et-Loire
16/4/2016


Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C2/Calicium_salicinum.htm
France, Sur Quercus robur âgé - Cluny - Saône-et-Loire
16/4/2016


Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C2/Calicium_salicinum.htm
France, Sur Quercus robur âgé - Cluny - Saône-et-Loire
16/4/2016


Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C2/Calicium_salicinum.htm
France, Sur Quercus robur âgé - Cluny - Saône-et-Loire
16/4/2016


Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C2/Calicium_salicinum.htm
France, Sur Quercus robur âgé - Cluny - Saône-et-Loire
16/4/2016


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=498&lang=en
Belgium, Ardennes


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=498&lang=en
Belgium, Ardennes


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=498&lang=en
Belgium, Ardennes


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=498&lang=en
Belgium, Ardennes


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=498&lang=en
Belgium, Ardennes


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=498&lang=en
Belgium, Ardennes


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=498&lang=en
Belgium, Ardennes


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=498&lang=en
Belgium, Ardennes


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Rheinland-Pfalz.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL79934], Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Jateí, Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema, in marsh forest on wood. 22°54’ S, 53°45’ W, 240 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 79934), 24.09.2019, det. A. Aptroot, 2019. - Spore brown, 1-septate, 8 x 5 μm. Calicium



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[9771], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, zwischen Stuttgart und Leonberg, an Laubbäumen beim Pfaffensee, 48°45'N, 9°05'E, 430 m, TK: 7220. Leg. F. Schumm, 21.01.1971, det. V. Wirth.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[9771], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, zwischen Stuttgart und Leonberg, an Laubbäumen beim Pfaffensee, 48°45'N, 9°05'E, 430 m, TK: 7220. Leg. F. Schumm, 21.01.1971, det. V. Wirth.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[9771], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, zwischen Stuttgart und Leonberg, an Laubbäumen beim Pfaffensee, 48°45'N, 9°05'E, 430 m, TK: 7220. Leg. F. Schumm, 21.01.1971, det. V. Wirth.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[9771], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, zwischen Stuttgart und Leonberg, an Laubbäumen beim Pfaffensee, 48°45'N, 9°05'E, 430 m, TK: 7220. Leg. F. Schumm, 21.01.1971, det. V. Wirth.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[9771], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, zwischen Stuttgart und Leonberg, an Laubbäumen beim Pfaffensee, 48°45'N, 9°05'E, 430 m, TK: 7220. Leg. F. Schumm, 21.01.1971, det. V. Wirth.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[9771], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, zwischen Stuttgart und Leonberg, an Laubbäumen beim Pfaffensee, 48°45'N, 9°05'E, 430 m, TK: 7220. Leg. F. Schumm, 21.01.1971, det. V. Wirth.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[9771], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, zwischen Stuttgart und Leonberg, an Laubbäumen beim Pfaffensee, 48°45'N, 9°05'E, 430 m, TK: 7220. Leg. F. Schumm, 21.01.1971, det. V. Wirth.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[9771], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, zwischen Stuttgart und Leonberg, an Laubbäumen beim Pfaffensee, 48°45'N, 9°05'E, 430 m, TK: 7220. Leg. F. Schumm, 21.01.1971, det. V. Wirth.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[9771], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, zwischen Stuttgart und Leonberg, an Laubbäumen beim Pfaffensee, 48°45'N, 9°05'E, 430 m, TK: 7220. Leg. F. Schumm, 21.01.1971, det. V. Wirth.


Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Starzlachtal Oberallgäu


Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Friedergrieß 2018


Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Friedergrieß 2018


Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, in opp. Gosaldo Prov. Belluno
as Calicium trachelinum



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[VZ2130}, Bohemoslovacia. Slovacia, montes Carpates Centrales, Tatra Magna, in valle Koprová dolina, secus viam ad lacum Temnosmr ianské pleso, 1400 m. Ad lignum et corticem truncorum (Picea excelsa). Leg. E. Farkas, Z. Kyselová et A. Vezda, 23.6.1986. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2130.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[VZ2130}, Bohemoslovacia. Slovacia, montes Carpates Centrales, Tatra Magna, in valle Koprová dolina, secus viam ad lacum Temnosmr ianské pleso, 1400 m. Ad lignum et corticem truncorum (Picea excelsa). Leg. E. Farkas, Z. Kyselová et A. Vezda, 23.6.1986. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2130.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[VZ2354], Italia.Calabria: Reggio Calabria in loco docto Valle del Flume Menta (Aspromonte), 1560 m. Ad lignum Abietis albae. Leg. D. Puntillo, 21.6.1989. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2354.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[VZ2354], Italia.Calabria: Reggio Calabria in loco docto Valle del Flume Menta (Aspromonte), 1560 m. Ad lignum Abietis albae. Leg. D. Puntillo, 21.6.1989. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2354.