Caloplaca monacensis (Leder.) Lettau

Hedwigia, 52: 240, 1912. Basionym: Pyrenodesmia monacensis Leder. - Ber. bayer. bot. Ges., 4: 26, 1896.
Synonyms: Caloplaca cerina var. cyanolepra (DC.) J. Kickx f.; Caloplaca cerina var. erhartii (Schaer.) Trevis.; Placodium cerinum f. cyanoleprum (DC.) Anzi
Distribution: N - Frl. Ven (Šoun & al. 2011), TAA (Šoun & al. 2011), Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020). C - Umb (Ravera 1999).
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, almost entirely granular, sometimes indistinctly areolate especially around apothecia, thick, grey, usually with a bluish tinge, forming regular to irregular patches to 3 cm in diam. Granules isidioid, coarse, 70-160 µm in diam., sometimes with inconspicuous hairs formed by projecting hyphae. Apothecia lecanorine, 0.7-2 mm across, sessile, with a slightly concave to slightly convex, yellow-orange to orange disc (grey-black in rare forms without anthraquinones), and a persistent, thick, grey, often granulose thalline margin. Thalline exciple paraplectenchymatous, to 170 µm thick in lower part; proper exciple very thin, prosoplectenchymatous; epithecium orange, with inspersed granules, K+ purple-red; hymenium colourless, (65-)85-105 µm high; paraphyses simple to branched in upper part, c. 1-2 µm thick at base, with rather swollen, 4-6 µm wide apical cells; hypothecium colourless, (45-)75-90 µm high. Asci 8-spored, clavate, functionally unitunicate, apically thickened with a broad internal beak, the inner part of apex and external cap I+ blue, Teloschistes-type. Ascospores 2-celled, polarilocular, hyaline, ellipsoid, 11-16(-18) x 5-8 µm, the equatorial thickening (“septum”) 3-6(-8) µm. Pycnidia immersed, with an elevated, darker ostiole. Conidia hyaline, bacilliform, 3-4 x 0.5-1 μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K- or K+ violet (best observed on thick sections under the microscope), C- or C+ violet, KC-, P-; disc of apothecia K+ purple-red (rarely K- in rare forms without anthraquinones); upper part of pycnidial wall K+ violet. Chemistry: thallus and pycnidia with the Sedifolia-grey pigment; disc of apothecia with parietin (major), fallacinal, emodin, teloschistin and parietinic acid (minor), very rarely without anthraquinones.
Note: on isolated trees with subneutral, base-rich bark; I have observed this species several times in the plains of northeastern Italy, where it is locally common on poplars. The record of an epiphytic C. isidiigera by Ravera (1999) most probably refers to this species.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: rather rare
Padanian area: extremely rare
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

12345

Solar irradiation:

12345

Aridity:

12345

Eutrophication:

12345

Poleotolerance:

0123

Altitudinal distribution:

123456


Predictive model


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Linden im Klosterhof des Klosters Adelberg, 48,75872° N, 0,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. Schumm 05.03.2011, det.Aptroot 2011 als Caloplaca chlorina, rev. 2016 H. Sipmann nach Foto.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
As C. cerina var. cyanolepra



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
As C. cerina var. cyanolepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm; Owner: Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
as Caloplaca cerina var. cyanoleepra



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13395], Griechenland, S-Kreta, Gebirgszug zwischen Pombia und Pigedakia, westl. des Gipfels Vigla, 34°59.880' N, 24°52.150' E, 420 m. Leg. F. Schumm & R. Düll, 16.10.2007, det. A. Aptroot 2016



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13395], Griechenland, S-Kreta, Gebirgszug zwischen Pombia und Pigedakia, westl. des Gipfels Vigla, 34°59.880' N, 24°52.150' E, 420 m. Leg. F. Schumm & R. Düll, 16.10.2007, det. A. Aptroot 2016



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13395], Griechenland, S-Kreta, Gebirgszug zwischen Pombia und Pigedakia, westl. des Gipfels Vigla, 34°59.880' N, 24°52.150' E, 420 m. Leg. F. Schumm & R. Düll, 16.10.2007, det. A. Aptroot 2016



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13395], Griechenland, S-Kreta, Gebirgszug zwischen Pombia und Pigedakia, westl. des Gipfels Vigla, 34°59.880' N, 24°52.150' E, 420 m. Leg. F. Schumm & R. Düll, 16.10.2007, det. A. Aptroot 2016



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13395], Griechenland, S-Kreta, Gebirgszug zwischen Pombia und Pigedakia, westl. des Gipfels Vigla, 34°59.880' N, 24°52.150' E, 420 m. Leg. F. Schumm & R. Düll, 16.10.2007, det. A. Aptroot 2016



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13395], Griechenland, S-Kreta, Gebirgszug zwischen Pombia und Pigedakia, westl. des Gipfels Vigla, 34°59.880' N, 24°52.150' E, 420 m. Leg. F. Schumm & R. Düll, 16.10.2007, det. A. Aptroot 2016



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13395], Griechenland, S-Kreta, Gebirgszug zwischen Pombia und Pigedakia, westl. des Gipfels Vigla, 34°59.880' N, 24°52.150' E, 420 m. Leg. F. Schumm & R. Düll, 16.10.2007, det. A. Aptroot 2016



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13395], Griechenland, S-Kreta, Gebirgszug zwischen Pombia und Pigedakia, westl. des Gipfels Vigla, 34°59.880' N, 24°52.150' E, 420 m. Leg. F. Schumm & R. Düll, 16.10.2007, det. A. Aptroot 2016



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13395], Griechenland, S-Kreta, Gebirgszug zwischen Pombia und Pigedakia, westl. des Gipfels Vigla, 34°59.880' N, 24°52.150' E, 420 m. Leg. F. Schumm & R. Düll, 16.10.2007, det. A. Aptroot 2016



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13395], Griechenland, S-Kreta, Gebirgszug zwischen Pombia und Pigedakia, westl. des Gipfels Vigla, 34°59.880' N, 24°52.150' E, 420 m. Leg. F. Schumm & R. Düll, 16.10.2007, det. A. Aptroot 2016



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13395], Griechenland, S-Kreta, Gebirgszug zwischen Pombia und Pigedakia, westl. des Gipfels Vigla, 34°59.880' N, 24°52.150' E, 420 m. Leg. F. Schumm & R. Düll, 16.10.2007, det. A. Aptroot 2016



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
As C. cerina var. cyanolepra



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17088], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Linden im Klosterhof des Klosters Adelberg, 48,75872° N, 0,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. Schumm 05.03.2011, det.Aptroot 2011 als Caloplaca chlorina, rev. 2016 H. Sipmann nach Foto.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17088], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Linden im Klosterhof des Klosters Adelberg, 48,75872° N, 0,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. Schumm 05.03.2011, det.Aptroot 2011 als Caloplaca chlorina, rev. 2016 H. Sipmann nach Foto.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17088], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Linden im Klosterhof des Klosters Adelberg, 48,75872° N, 0,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. Schumm 05.03.2011, det.Aptroot 2011 als Caloplaca chlorina, rev. 2016 H. Sipmann nach Foto.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17088], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Linden im Klosterhof des Klosters Adelberg, 48,75872° N, 0,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. Schumm 05.03.2011, det.Aptroot 2011 als Caloplaca chlorina, rev. 2016 H. Sipmann nach Foto.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17088], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Linden im Klosterhof des Klosters Adelberg, 48,75872° N, 0,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. Schumm 05.03.2011, det.Aptroot 2011 als Caloplaca chlorina, rev. 2016 H. Sipmann nach Foto.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17088], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Linden im Klosterhof des Klosters Adelberg, 48,75872° N, 0,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. Schumm 05.03.2011, det.Aptroot 2011 als Caloplaca chlorina, rev. 2016 H. Sipmann nach Foto.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17088], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Linden im Klosterhof des Klosters Adelberg, 48,75872° N, 0,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. Schumm 05.03.2011, det.Aptroot 2011 als Caloplaca chlorina, rev. 2016 H. Sipmann nach Foto.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17088], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Linden im Klosterhof des Klosters Adelberg, 48,75872° N, 0,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. Schumm 05.03.2011, det.Aptroot 2011 als Caloplaca chlorina, rev. 2016 H. Sipmann nach Foto.



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17088], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Linden im Klosterhof des Klosters Adelberg, 48,75872° N, 0,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. Schumm 05.03.2011, det.Aptroot 2011 als Caloplaca chlorina, rev. 2016 H. Sipmann nach Foto.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19571], Bohemoslovacia, Bohemia, distr. Benešov prope Pragam, prope vicum Hod tice, alt. 450 m, ad corticem arborum (Populus sp.) secus viam. Leg. J. Liška, 13.10.1986. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2469.
As C. cerina var. cyanolepra