Sanguineodiscus aractinus (Fr.) I.V. Frolov & Vondrák

Sanguineodiscus aractinus (Fr.) I.V. Frolov & Vondrák

in Frolov & al., J. Syst. Evol. 59, 3: 471, 2020. Basionym: Parmelia aractina Fr. - Syst. Orb. Veget.: 284, 1825.

Synonyms: Caloplaca aractina (Fr.) Häyrén; Caloplaca aractina (Fr.) Häyrén s.lat.; Caloplaca cerina var. aractina (Fr.) Th. Fr.; Caloplaca fuscoatra auct. non (Decuillé) Zahlbr.; Caloplaca viridirufa auct. non (Ach.) Zahlbr.; Placodium fuscoatrum auct. non (Nyl.) A.L. Sm.; Pyrenodesmia aractina (Fr.) S. Y. Kondr.

Distribution: C - Tosc (Ravera & al. 2021b), Sar (Rizzi & al. 2011, Giordani & al. 2013, Vondrák 2012: Nr. 51).

Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, dark grey to almost black, continuous to usually rimose-areolate, often delimited by an irregular, dark, often somehow shiny prothallus. Apothecia zeorine/lecanorine, (0.2-)0.3-0.7(-1) mm across, initially immersed but soon sessile, with a brown-orange to brick red or finally blackish, flat, granular but epruinose disc, a persistent, dark grey, rather thick, sometimes verrucose thalline margin, and often a thin, dark parathecial ring. Thalline exciple corticate in lower part, paraplectenchymatous; proper exciple well-developed, usually dark-pigmented in outer part, the pigmented parts K+ faintly violet; epithecium orange-brown, K+ red; hymenium colourless; paraphyses mostly simple, with slightly swollen apical cells; hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, clavate, functionally unitunicate, apically thickened with a broad internal beak, the inner part of apex and external cap I+ blue, Teloschistes-type. Ascospores 2-celled, polarilocular, hyaline, broadly ellipsoid, 10-14(-15) x (5-)6-8 μm, the equatorial thickening (“septum”) 3-6 μm. Pycnidia black. Conidia bacilliform, 5-6 x c. 1 μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K- or K+ pale violet, C-, KC-, P-; apothecial disc K+ red; proper exciple K+ violet. Chemistry: thallus and proper margin of apothecia with the Sedifolia-grey pigment; epithecium with unidentified anthraquinones.

Note: a mild-temperate to subtropical lichen found on hard siliceous rocks near the coast. Earlier records from montane, inland areas were assigned to S. viridirufus (see note to that species).

Growth form: Crustose

Substrata: rocks

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

Taxon bound to maritime-coastal situations

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: absent

Submediterranean belt: absent

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: absent

Humid mediterranean belt: rather rare

Dry mediterranean belt: extremely rare

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Felix Schumm - [BR5030035765693], Spain, Extremadura, 40 km ENE of Plosencia, sunny rock in stream, 950 m. Leg. P. v. d. Boom (8804),17.7.1989, det A. Aptroot 1990.

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (7326)
2001/12/18

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[BR5030035766706], Italy, Sardinia, Prov. Sassari, Torre Falcone near Punta Falcone, on siliceous rock near the coast. 40°57’ N, 8°11’ E, 0-100 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (21167), 07.1987, det. A. Aptroot 1987.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[BR5030035766706], Italy, Sardinia, Prov. Sassari, Torre Falcone near Punta Falcone, on siliceous rock near the coast. 40°57’ N, 8°11’ E, 0-100 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (21167), 07.1987, det. A. Aptroot 1987.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[BR5030035766706], Italy, Sardinia, Prov. Sassari, Torre Falcone near Punta Falcone, on siliceous rock near the coast. 40°57’ N, 8°11’ E, 0-100 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (21167), 07.1987, det. A. Aptroot 1987.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[BR5030035766706], Italy, Sardinia, Prov. Sassari, Torre Falcone near Punta Falcone, on siliceous rock near the coast. 40°57’ N, 8°11’ E, 0-100 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (21167), 07.1987, det. A. Aptroot 1987.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[BR5030035766706], Italy, Sardinia, Prov. Sassari, Torre Falcone near Punta Falcone, on siliceous rock near the coast. 40°57’ N, 8°11’ E, 0-100 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (21167), 07.1987, det. A. Aptroot 1987.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[BR5030035766706], Italy, Sardinia, Prov. Sassari, Torre Falcone near Punta Falcone, on siliceous rock near the coast. 40°57’ N, 8°11’ E, 0-100 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (21167), 07.1987, det. A. Aptroot 1987.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[BR5030035766706], Italy, Sardinia, Prov. Sassari, Torre Falcone near Punta Falcone, on siliceous rock near the coast. 40°57’ N, 8°11’ E, 0-100 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (21167), 07.1987, det. A. Aptroot 1987.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[BR5030035766706], Italy, Sardinia, Prov. Sassari, Torre Falcone near Punta Falcone, on siliceous rock near the coast. 40°57’ N, 8°11’ E, 0-100 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (21167), 07.1987, det. A. Aptroot 1987.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[BR5030035766706], Italy, Sardinia, Prov. Sassari, Torre Falcone near Punta Falcone, on siliceous rock near the coast. 40°57’ N, 8°11’ E, 0-100 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (21167), 07.1987, det. A. Aptroot 1987.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[BR5030035766706], Italy, Sardinia, Prov. Sassari, Torre Falcone near Punta Falcone, on siliceous rock near the coast. 40°57’ N, 8°11’ E, 0-100 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (21167), 07.1987, det. A. Aptroot 1987.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[BR5030035766706], Italy, Sardinia, Prov. Sassari, Torre Falcone near Punta Falcone, on siliceous rock near the coast. 40°57’ N, 8°11’ E, 0-100 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (21167), 07.1987, det. A. Aptroot 1987.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[BR5030035766706], Italy, Sardinia, Prov. Sassari, Torre Falcone near Punta Falcone, on siliceous rock near the coast. 40°57’ N, 8°11’ E, 0-100 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (21167), 07.1987, det. A. Aptroot 1987.

Leif Stridvall -http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/ (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[BR5030035766706], Italy, Sardinia, Prov. Sassari, Torre Falcone near Punta Falcone, on siliceous rock near the coast. 40°57’ N, 8°11’ E, 0-100 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (21167), 07.1987, det. A. Aptroot 1987.

Felix Schumm; Owner: CC BY-SA 4.0

[TSB_8394], Italia, Sardinia, Prov. Cagliari, Isola dei Cavoli, 10 m, on siliceous rocks near the coast. Leg. P.L. Nimis & J. Poelt, 17.07.1985

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[TSB_8394], Italia, Sardinia, Prov. Cagliari, Isola dei Cavoli, 10 m, on siliceous rocks near the coast. Leg. P.L. Nimis & J. Poelt, 17.07.1985.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[TSB_8394], Italia, Sardinia, Prov. Cagliari, Isola dei Cavoli, 10 m, on siliceous rocks near the coast. Leg. P.L. Nimis & J. Poelt, 17.07.1985.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[TSB_8394], Italia, Sardinia, Prov. Cagliari, Isola dei Cavoli, 10 m, on siliceous rocks near the coast. Leg. P.L. Nimis & J. Poelt, 17.07.1985.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[TSB_8394], Italia, Sardinia, Prov. Cagliari, Isola dei Cavoli, 10 m, on siliceous rocks near the coast. Leg. P.L. Nimis & J. Poelt, 17.07.1985.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[TSB_8394], Italia, Sardinia, Prov. Cagliari, Isola dei Cavoli, 10 m, on siliceous rocks near the coast. Leg. P.L. Nimis & J. Poelt, 17.07.1985.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[TSB_8394], Italia, Sardinia, Prov. Cagliari, Isola dei Cavoli, 10 m, on siliceous rocks near the coast. Leg. P.L. Nimis & J. Poelt, 17.07.1985.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[TSB_8394], Italia, Sardinia, Prov. Cagliari, Isola dei Cavoli, 10 m, on siliceous rocks near the coast. Leg. P.L. Nimis & J. Poelt, 17.07.1985.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[TSB_8394], Italia, Sardinia, Prov. Cagliari, Isola dei Cavoli, 10 m, on siliceous rocks near the coast. Leg. P.L. Nimis & J. Poelt, 17.07.1985.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[TSB_8394], Italia, Sardinia, Prov. Cagliari, Isola dei Cavoli, 10 m, on siliceous rocks near the coast. Leg. P.L. Nimis & J. Poelt, 17.07.1985.

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall

Felix Schumm; Owner: CC BY-SA 4.0

[TSB_8394], Italia, Sardinia, Prov. Cagliari, Isola dei Cavoli, 10 m, on siliceous rocks near the coast. Leg. P.L. Nimis & J. Poelt, 17.07.1985

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (6326)
2001/11/12

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S3/Sanguineodiscus_aractinus.htm

France, 4/3//2014 - ile de Cavallo, Bonifacio - Corse

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S3/Sanguineodiscus_aractinus.htm

France, 4/3//2014 - ile de Cavallo, Bonifacio - Corse

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S3/Sanguineodiscus_aractinus.htm

France, 4/3//2014 - ile de Cavallo, Bonifacio - Corse

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S3/Sanguineodiscus_aractinus.htm

France, 4/3//2014 - ile de Cavallo, Bonifacio - Corse

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S3/Sanguineodiscus_aractinus.htm

France, 4/3//2014 - ile de Cavallo, Bonifacio - Corse

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S3/Sanguineodiscus_aractinus.htm

France, 4/3//2014 - ile de Cavallo, Bonifacio - Corse

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=29&lang=en

Italy, Sardinia

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=29&lang=en

France, Corse, Lumio

Bernard Bouffinier: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=29&lang=en

France, Corse, Lumio

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=29&lang=en

France, Corse, Lumio

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=29&lang=en

France, Corse, Lumio

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=29&lang=en

France, Corse, Lumio

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=29&lang=en

France, Corse, Lumio

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=29&lang=en

France, Corse Ile Rousse

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=29&lang=en

France, Corse Ile Rousse

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=29&lang=en

France, Corse Ile Rousse

Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=29&lang=en

France, Corse Ile du Levant

Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=29&lang=en

France, Corse Ile du Levant

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder

Canary Islands;La Gomera-M; R16 between Casa Olsen and Imada: Lomo de las Cardos.

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder

Canary Islands;La Gomera-M; R16 between Casa Olsen and Imada: Lomo de las Cardos.

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder

Canary Islands;La Gomera-M; R16 between Casa Olsen and Imada: Lomo de las Cardos.

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