Kuettlingeria teicholyta (Ach.) Trevis.

in Frolov & al., J. Syst. Evol. 59, 3: 468, 2020. Basionym: Lecanora teicholyta Ach. - Lichenogr. Univ.: 425, 1810.
Synonyms: Blastenia teicholyta (Ach.) Bausch; Blastenia visianica A. Massal.; Caloplaca arenaria auct. ital. p.p. non (Pers.) Müll. Arg.; Caloplaca erythrocarpa auct. p.p. non (Pers.) Zwackh; Caloplaca teicholyta (Ach.) J. Steiner; Caloplaca visianica (A. Massal.) Jatta; Kuettlingeria visianica (A. Massal.) Trevis.
Distribution: N - VG (Castello 2002, Martellos & Castello 2004), Frl (Nimis & Salvadori 1998, Nascimbene & al. 2009b), Ven (Lazzarin 2000b, Nascimbene & Salvadori 2008), TAA, Lomb (Valcuvia & al. 2003, De Vita & Valcuvia 2004, Florio & al. 2004, 2006, Rigamonti & al. 2008, Di Silvestro & al. 2009, Favero-Longo & al. 2009b, Gheza & al. 2015), Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004), VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1997, 1999), Emil (Scarpa 1993, Nimis & al. 1996, Valcuvia & Savino 2000, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig. C - Tosc (Tretiach & Nimis 1994, Benesperi 2011), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Umb (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Panfili 2000b, 2007, Ravera & al. 2006, Genovesi 2011), Laz (Bartoli 1997b, Bartoli & al. 1998, Roccardi 2011, Genovesi & al. 2011), Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Brackel 2015, Gheza & al. 2021), Mol (Nimis & Tretiach, 1999, 2004, Caporale & al. 2008, Genovesi & Ravera 2014), Sar (Rizzi & al. 2011, Giordani & al. 2013). S - Camp (Garofalo & al. 1999, 2010, Altieri & al. 2000, Aprile & al. 2002, 2003, 2003b, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Roccardi & Ricci 2006, Catalano & al. 2016), Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Bas (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Cal (Puntillo 1996), Si (Ottonello & Salone 1994, Ottonello & al. 1994, 2011, Ottonello 1996, Monte & Ferrari 1996, Nimis & al. 1996b, 1997, Ottonello & Romano 1997, Grillo 1998, Poli & al. 1998, Caniglia & Grillo 2001, 2006, Grillo & al. 2001, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, Cataldo & Cannavò 2014, Puglisi & Cataldo 2019).
Description: Thallus crustose-subplacodioid, episubstratic, continuous, grey to whitish grey, 0.15-0.3 mm thick, usually shortly lobed at margins, sorediate/blastidiate in central parts, forming orbicular, later often confluent, up to 4(-8) cm wide patches. Center of thallus covered in abundant, grey, diffuse, granular blastidia, marginal parts with contiguous, short, 0.2-0.6(-0.8) mm wide, corticate lobes. Cortex well-developed, up to 60 μm thick, paraplectenchymatous, obscured by colourless crystals insoluble in K, soluble in N; algal layer discontinuous; medulla with many colourless crystals. Apothecia rather rare, subsessile, flat, 0.3-0.8 mm across, with a rusty red to carmine red disc, a prominent, orange, paler proper margin, and sometimes a thin, soon disappearing, often blastidiate, sometimes pruinose thalline margin. Thalline exciple with many algae and many colourless crystals. Proper exciple prosoplectenchymatous, c. 85 μm wide, with anthraquinones; epithecium brown-orange, K+ red; hymenium colourless, 70–90 μm high; paraphyses c. 1.5 μm thick at base, the apical cells up to 3 μm wide; hypothecium colourless, prosoplectenchymatous. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, functionally unitunicate, apically thickened with a broad internal beak, the inner part of apex and external cap I+ blue, Teloschistes-type. Ascospores 2-celled, polarilocular, hyaline, ellipsoid, 13-18.5 x 7-10 μm, the equatorial thickening (“septum”) 4-7 μm (1/3-1/4 of spore length). Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K-, C-, KC-, P- (but often K+ faintly violet-brown in section); apothecia K+ red, C+ purple. Chemistry: cortex and blastidia with the Sedifolia-grey pigment; apothecia with chlorinated anthraquinones in both proper margin and disc: 7-chloroemodin (major), fragilin and emodin (minor), sometimes traces of parietin.
Note: a warm-temperate early coloniser of calciferous substrata (but very rare on pure limestone), often found on sandstone and mortar, mostly on man-made substrata (walls, monuments, roofing tiles, brick walls), common also in settlements.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Pioneer species

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: very common
Padanian area: rather rare
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely common
Humid mediterranean belt: very common
Dry mediterranean belt: rare

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Eutrophication:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Giovanni Mayer; Owner: Giovanni Mayer
Italy, Campania, Napoli, Parco Virgiliano.
Herbarium: Forum Natura Mediterraneo
2010



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (1406)
2001/11/19
sterile thallus, subeffigurate margin



Pier Luigi Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Val Rosandra, San Lorenzo near Belvedere
11/02/2017



Pier Luigi Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Val Rosandra, San Lorenzo near Belvedere
11/02/2017


Giovanni Mayer; Owner: Giovanni Mayer
Italy, Campania, Napoli, Parco Virgiliano.
Herbarium: Forum Natura Mediterraneo
2010



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Conconello
14/02/2017



Pier Luigi Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Val Rosandra, San Lorenzo near Belvedere
11/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Conconello
14/02/2017


Giovanni Mayer; Owner: Giovanni Mayer
Italy, Campania, Napoli, Parco Virgiliano.
Herbarium: Forum Natura Mediterraneo
2010



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Conconello
14/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Conconello
14/02/2017



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 40821


Berbard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=503&lang=en
France, Kergoat


Berbard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=503&lang=en
France, Kergoat


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=503&lang=en
France, Ardennes


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=503&lang=en
France, Argonne


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=503&lang=en
France, Argonne


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=503&lang=en
France, Argonne


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=503&lang=en
France, Argonne


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=503&lang=en
France, Argonne


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=503&lang=en
France, Argonne


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
E; Canary Islands; La Gomera-NW; se of Vallehermoso: El Tion. New to La Gomera.