Candelaria pacifica M. Westb. & Arup

Bibl. Lichenol., 106: 358, 2011.
Synonyms:
Distribution: N - Frl (TSB s.n.), Ven (TSB s.n.).
Description: Thallus minutely foliose to subsquamulose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, bright lemon yellow, yellow-green in shade, often forming c. 5 mm wide, irregular patches which often merge into 30 cm wide colonies. Lobes narrow and short, subsquamulose, 0.1-0.6 mm wide, adnate or more often ascending to erect, sparse to imbricate, with granular, 35-40 μm wide blastidia which are most common on the underside of the more or less fan-shaped lobe-ends. Lower surface with an arachnoid appearance, white and transparent, showing the green algal layer, erhizinate or rarely with a few pale rhizines. Upper cortex c. 10-45 µm thick, paraplectenchymatous; medulla white, very thin; lower cortex absent or only partially developed. Apothecia extremely rare in Europe, sessile, to c. 1 mm diam., with a yellow, flat to finally convex disc, and a smooth but often sorediate thalline margin. Epithecium yellow-brown, granular; hymenium colourless, 45-85 µm high, I+ blue; paraphyses simple, cylindrical to submoniliform; hypothecium colourless, 50-70 µm high. Asci 8-spored, clavate, with an apical dome which is I+ blue only in the internal, lower part, interrupted in the centre by an I+ paler blue strip, Candelaria-type. Ascospores 1-celled, guttulate, hyaline, oblong-ellipsoid, 11-16 x 4-6 µm. Pycnidia yellow, appearing as raised warts on the thallus surface, the wall colourless. Conidia ellipsoid, 2.5-3.5 x c. 1.5 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: K- or K+ faintly pink, C-, KC-, P-, UV- or UV+ dull orange. Chemistry: probably calycin (major) and pulvinic dilactone (minor).
Note: a recently-described species, which in some parts of Europe, e.g. in Scandinavia, is even more common than C. concolor. Italian material of C. concolor needs revision: from a rapid screening of the TSB material it seems that in Italy this species is much rarer than C. concolor.
Growth form: Foliose, narrow lobed
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: rare
Padanian area: very rare
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Index Fungorum GBIF

Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C3/Candelaria_pacifica.htm
France, à la base du tronc de Quercus, conservatoire botanique du MC Saint Prejet Armandon - Chavaniac - Haute-Loire
novembre 2015


Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C3/Candelaria_pacifica.htm
France, à la base du tronc de Quercus, conservatoire botanique du MC Saint Prejet Armandon - Chavaniac - Haute-Loire
novembre 2015


Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C3/Candelaria_pacifica.htm
France, à la base du tronc de Quercus, conservatoire botanique du MC Saint Prejet Armandon - Chavaniac - Haute-Loire
novembre 2015


Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C3/Candelaria_pacifica.htm
France, à la base du tronc de Quercus, conservatoire botanique du MC Saint Prejet Armandon - Chavaniac - Haute-Loire
novembre 2015


Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C3/Candelaria_pacifica.htm
France, à la base du tronc de Quercus, conservatoire botanique du MC Saint Prejet Armandon - Chavaniac - Haute-Loire
novembre 2015


John Skinner
on Acer platanoides on roadside verge; UK, Essex, Southend-on-Sea.
31.07.2017


John Skinner
on Acer platanoides on roadside verge; UK, Essex, Southend-on-Sea.
31.07.2017



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 44166


John Skinner
on Acer platanoides on roadside verge; UK, Essex, Southend-on-Sea.
31.07.2017


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne).