Candelariella efflorescens R.C. Harris & W.R. Buck

Michigan Bot., 17: 155, 1978.
Synonyms:
Distribution: N - Frl, Ven (Thor & Nascimbene 2007, Nascimbene & Marini 2010, Nascimbene & al. 2012, 2015), TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2014, 2022, Nascimbene 2014), Lomb (Gheza & al. 2023). C - Mol (Ravera & Genovesi 2012, Genovesi & Ravera 2014). S - Camp (Ravera & al. 2019a), Bas (Potenza & al. 2014).
Description: Thallus crustose, very thin and poorly evident, mostly endosubstratic; soredia yellow, powdery, 0.02-0.05 mm wide, forming discrete, punctiform soralia or later coalescing into a continuous sorediate crust. Apothecia extremely rare, lecanorine, up to 0.75 mm across, with a deep yellow, more or less flat disc and a thin, entire or sorediate margin. Exciple thin to thick, sometimes visible from the outside; epithecium yellow-brown, covered with an epipsamma of minute crystals; hymenium colourless, 55-60 µm high; paraphyses simple, cylindrical or with slightly swollen, up to 3 µm wide apical cells; hypothecium colourless. Asci 16-32-spored, clavate, with an apical dome which is I+ blue only in the internal, lower part, interrupted in the centre by an I+ paler blue strip, Candelaria-type. Ascospores 1-celled to rarely 1-septate, hyaline, oblong to narrowly ellipsoid, 12-15 x 4-5 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K- or K+ weakly orange, C- or C+ weakly orange, KC-, P-. Chemistry: calycin, pulvinic acid, and pulvic acid lactone.
Note: on isolated trees, especially in orchards, certainly more widespread in the Alps. This taxon is apparently similar to C. reflexa, but the soredia are farinose, well-delimited, punctiform, and they never develop from a subsquamulose thallus (see Nimis 1993: 193). Both C. efflorescens (with many-spored asci) and C. xanthostigmoides (Müll. Arg.) R.W. Rogers (with 8-spored asci) were reported from Europe: due to the fact that the material is rarely fertile, and that the two species cannot be distinguished when sterile, I provisionally leave under the former name all records from Italy.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: extremely rare
Submediterranean belt: rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: very rare
Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 10490



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL13666], Brazil, São Paulo, Botucatu, Botanical garden on campus. On bark in park. 22°53'09'' S, 48°29'56'' W, 850 m. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 13666), 13 Sept. 2012, det. A. Aptroot 2012.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL13666], Brazil, São Paulo, Botucatu, Botanical garden on campus. On bark in park. 22°53'09'' S, 48°29'56'' W, 850 m. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 13666), 13 Sept. 2012, det. A. Aptroot 2012.