Chaenotheca phaeocephala (Turner) Th. Fr.

N. Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 3, 3: 251, 1860. Basionym: Lichen phaeocephalus Turner - Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 8: 281, 1807.
Synonyms: Calicium phaeocephalum (Turner) Fr.; Calicium saepiculare Ach.; Chaenotheca chlorella auct. p.p.; Chaenotheca phaeocephala var. subhispidula Nádv.; Cyphelium phaeocephalum (Turner) Körb.
Distribution: N - Ven (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), TAA (Nascimbene 2006c, 2013, 2014, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Nascimbene & al. 2007b, 2014, 2022, Nascimbene & Marini 2015, Trindade & al. 2021), Emil (Nascimbene & al. 2021). C - Tosc (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Marc (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Umb (Ravera 1998, Ravera & al. 2006, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Laz (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Zucconi & al. 2013), Abr (Caporale & Pagliani 2010, Caporale & al. 2016), Mol (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Caporale & al. 2008, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Sar (Zedda & Sipman 2001). S - Camp (Aprile & al. 2003b, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Bas (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Puntillo & al. 2009, Puntillo & al. 2012), Cal (Puntillo 1994, 1996), Si (CLU 18071).
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic and usually well-evident, granulose-verrucose to minutely squamulose, dark grey, olivaceous brown or greenish brown. Apothecia stalked, pin-like, 0.5-1.2 mm high. Stalk stout, 0.06-0.1 mm thick, pale to dark brown, epruinose or sometimes faintly yellowish-pruinose in upper part, of periclinally arranged, medium brown hyphae, the outer part hyaline, 7-16 µm thick, of strongly gelatinized hyphae. Capitulum 0.1-0.3 mm across, broadly obconical to lenticular, deep purple brown, yellowish pruinose in lower part and/or along the margin, the mazaedium well-developed, brown. Exciple well-developed, of largely periclinally arranged, sparingly branched, brown hyphae; hypothecium medium brown, broadly obconical, with a flat to slightly convex upper surface. Asci cylindrical to narrowly clavate, distinctly stalked, formed singly from branched ascogenous hyphae, dissolving early, with 1(-2)-seriately arranged spores. Ascospores 1-celled, brown, globose, 6-7 µm wide, the wall with irregular cracks delimiting polygonal areas. Photobiont chlorococcoid, with globose cells. Spot tests: thallus K-, C-, KC-, P-. Chemistry: thallus without lichen substances; yellow pruina consisting of vulpinic acid.
Note: a cool-temperate, holarctic lichen found on old oaks in open woodlands, in bark fissures seldom wetted by rain, with several records in Central-Southern Italy, certainly more widespread in the Alps.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark and lignum
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
In underhangs rarely wetted by rain

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: rare
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (26957)
2003/03/10



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (30823)
2003/03/10


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall



Domeico Puntillo CC BY-SA 4.0