Cladonia cariosa (Ach.) Spreng.

Cladonia cariosa (Ach.) Spreng.

Syst. Veget., 4, 1: 272, 1827. Basionym: Lichen cariosus Ach. - Lichenogr. Suec. Prodr.: 198, 1799.

Synonyms: Cladonia locarnensis Frey nom. illegit.; Cladonia stabilis Britzelm.

Distribution: N - Ven, TAA (Nascimbene 2001b, Bilovitz & al. 2014, 2014b, Nascimbene & al. 2022), Lomb (Rivellini & Valcuvia 1996, Ravera & al. 2016, Gheza 2018, Gheza & al. 2022), Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004, Ravera & al. 2016, Gheza 2020), Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Gheza & al. 2020). C - Tosc (Fanfarillo & al. 2024), Umb (Ravera & al. 2006, 2006b), Laz (Burgaz & al. 2020), Abr (Gheza & al. 2021, Di Nuzzo & al. 2021, Vallese & al. 2022). S - Cal (Puntillo 1996, Burgaz & al. 2020), Si (Burgaz & al. 2019, 2020).

Description: Primary thallus squamulose, persistent, forming cushions, the squamules small to middle-sized, 1-7(-10) mm long, 1-2(-3) mm broad, entire to incised, concave to reflexed-convex, greenish white to olive-green above, white and fibrillose beneath. Podetia rather rare, 0.5-2(-3) cm tall, up to 3 mm thick (often more below the apothecia), cupless, simple or sparingly branched in upper part, often terminated by large apothecia, partly decorticate-granulose, sometimes sparsely squamulose in lower part, longitudinally fissured, very thick-walled, with medullary hyphae running parallel to the surface. Apothecia frequent, terminal, dark brown, convex, usually clustered into corymb-like clusters. Asci 8-spored, clavate, thickened at apex, with a K/I+ blue tholus and a K/I+ strongly blue outer gelatinous sheath, Cladonia-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid. Pycnidia dark, ovoid to conical, semi-immersed in the primary squamules. Conidia hyaline, curved. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests and chemistry: different chemotypes (all of them K+ yellow, C-, KC-, UV-): 1) P- (atranorin only, the most frequent chemotype), 2) P+ yellow (atranorin, norstictic and connorstictic acids), 3: P+ red (atranorin and fumarprotocetraric acid), 4) P– (atranorin and rangiformic acid), 5) P+ red (atranorin, fumarprotocetraric and rangiformic acids).

Note: a cool-temperate to subarctic-subalpine, circumpolar lichen found on disturbed mineral, often sandy soil; most frequent in the Alps. An earlier record from Venezia Giulia (Nimis 1993: 225) is excluded here as it was from Slovenian territory.

Growth form: Fruticose

Substrata: soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Pioneer species

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: very rare

Subalpine belt: rare

Oromediterranean belt: extremely rare

Montane belt: extremely rare

Submediterranean belt: extremely rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder

Central Europe: Germany (Hesse).

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (234)
2003/02/15

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (234)
2003/02/15
detail of cortex

Triin Aimla; Owner: University of Tartu

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (122)
2003/02/15

Leif Stridvall

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Gabriele Gheza - https://lichenidilombardia.home.blog

Italy, Lombardia, Varese, Vizzola Ticino, valle del Ticino, 162 m
17/03/2021

Gabriele Gheza - https://lichenidilombardia.home.blog

Italy, Lombardia, Varese, Vizzola Ticino, valle del Ticino, 162 m
17/03/2021

Gabriele Gheza - https://lichenidilombardia.home.blog

Italy, Lombardia, Varese, Vizzola Ticino, valle del Ticino, 162 m
17/02/2021

Gabriele Gheza - https://lichenidilombardia.home.blog

Italy, Lombardia, Varese, Vizzola Ticino, valle del Ticino, 162 m
17/02/2021

Gabriele Gheza - https://lichenidilombardia.home.blog

Italy, Lombardia, Varese, Vizzola Ticino, valle del Ticino, 162 m
17/02/2021

Gabriele Gheza - https://lichenidilombardia.home.blog

Italy, Lombardia, Varese, Vizzola Ticino, valle del Ticino, 162 m
17/02/2021

Leif Stridvall

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder

Central Europe: Germany (Hesse).

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