ITALIC 8.0

Cladonia deformis (L.) Hoffm.

Deutschl. Fl., 2: 120, 1796. Basionym: Lichen deformis L. - Sp. Pl., 2: 1152, 1753.

Synonyms: Cladonia crenulata (Ach.) Flörke

Distribution: N - Frl (Tretiach & Hafellner 2000), Ven (Nascimbene & Caniglia 1997, 2000b, Caniglia & al. 1999, Nascimbene & al. 2006e, Giovagnoli & Tasinazzo 2014), TAA (Caniglia & al. 2002, Nascimbene & Caniglia 2002c, Nascimbene 2006c, Nascimbene & al. 2006e, 2007b, 2008c, 2022, +Nimis & al. 2015), Lomb (Rivellini & Valcuvia 1996, Zocchi & al. 1997, Nascimbene & al. 2006e, Gheza 2019, 2019b, Gheza & al. 2022), Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004, 2006, Isocrono & Piervittori 2008), VA (Borlandelli & al. 1996, Piervittori & Isocrono 1997, 1999, Valcuvia 2000), Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Burgaz & al. 2020). S - Cal (Puntillo 1996).

Description: Primary thallus squamulose, often ephemeral, the squamules middle-sized, 0.5-3(-5) mm long, up to 2(-3) mm wide, rounded to crenate-lobate, yellowish green to yellowish grey on upper side, white beneath, but yellowish brown towards the attachment point, occasionally sorediate. Podetia yellowish green to greenish grey, orange yellow at the necrotic base, corticate only at base, 2-5(-9) cm tall and up to 5(-7) mm thick on the stalk, with narrow, more or less regular, gradually flaring and usually non-perforated cups, more rarely pointed, squamulose especially toward the base, farinose-sorediate in upper part and inside the cups, the soredia 30-60 μm in diam. Old herbarium specimens are covered in numerous crystals similar to fine needles. Apothecia rare, scarlet red, convex, developing at the margins of cups. Asci 8-spored, clavate, thickened at apex, with a K/I+ blue tholus and a K/I+ strongly blue outer gelatinous sheath, Cladonia-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid. Pycnidia scarlet red, semi-immersed along the margins of cups. Conidia hyaline, curved. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: K-, C-, KC+ yellow, P-, UV-. Chemistry: usnic and isousnic acids, zeorin (deposited as needles on the surface of thallus), bellidiflorin, and traces of unknown terpenoids; rhodocladonic acid in apothecia and pycnidia.

Note: a mainly boreal-montane, circumpolar species found on rotting wood and organic soil in upland areas; some records could refer to C. sulphurina.

Growth form: Fruticose

Substrata: lignum, soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: very rare

Subalpine belt: common

Oromediterranean belt: extremely rare

Montane belt: very rare

Submediterranean belt: absent

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: absent

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Index Fungorum GBIF

Einar Timdal - Source: http://nhm2.uio.no/lav/web/index.html - CC BY-NC

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (2661)
2001/12/04
detail of cups

Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu

Triin Aimla; Owner: University of Tartu

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[16530], Österreich, nordöstlich von Ischgl beim Silvretta Stausee, ca. 2000 m. Leg. A. Matuschewski 07.2010. Det. Schumm 07.2010

Curtis Randall Björk – CC BY-SA 4.0

British Columbia, Boundary Ranges 2012-09-03 Understory of sub-boreal forest

Gabriele Gheza - https://lichenidilombardia.home.blog

Italy, Lombardia, Bergamo, Passo del Vivione, 1830 m
19/08/2016

Jacques Haine - Source:

France, Ardennes

Jacques Haine - Source:

France, Ardennes

Jacques Haine - Source:

France, Ardennes

Jacques Haine - Source:

France, Ardennes

Jacques Haine - Source:

France, Ardennes

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder

Sweden: Värmland.

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder

Sweden: Värmland.