Alyxoria culmigena (Lib.) Ertz

Alyxoria culmigena (Lib.) Ertz

in Diederich & al., Bull soc. nat. Luxemb., 113: 105, 2012. Basionym: Opegrapha culmigena Lib. - Plantae Cryptogamae quas in Arduenna coll., fasc. 1: nr. 15, 1830.

Synonyms: Opegrapha atrorimalis Nyl.; Opegrapha betulina Sm. non Pers.; Opegrapha herbarum Mont.; Opegrapha prosiliens Stirt. non Mont. & Bosch; Opegrapha protuberans Zahlbr.; Opegrapha turneri Leight.; Opegrapha varia var. herbarum (Mont.) Källsten comb. inval.

Distribution: N - Lig (Brunialti & al. 1999). C - Tosc (Senese & Critelli 2000, Loppi & al. 2004, 2004c, Loppi & Frati 2006), Umb (Ravera & al. 2011), Laz (Herb. Ravera 4715), Abr (Giordani & al. 2009). S - Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999).

Description: Thallus crustose, thinly episubstratic, continuous to rimose, smooth to slightly rugose, grey-white to yellowish white, rarely delimited by a very thin, dark prothallus, sometimes poorly evident. Apothecia lirelliform, mostly simple, emergent, solitary or in small clusters, 0.3-2(-3.5) x 0.1-0.3(-0.4) mm, with a slit-like to slightly expanded, dark brown to black, epruinose disc, and a thick, raised, black, epruinose proper margin. Proper exciple black, carbonized, extending below the hymenium, K-; epithecium colourless to pale brown, up to 25 μm high, K- or K+ brown-red, I+ pale blue; hymenium colourless, not inspersed with oil droplets, 50-70(-90) μm high, hemiamyloid; paraphysoids branched and anastomosing, 1-1.5 μm thick, the apical cell not enlarged; subhymenium colourless to very pale brown, 40-60 μm high, I+ pale blue; hypothecium black, carbonized. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical-clavate or elongate-ellipsoid, the inner layer of endoascus amyloid in upper part, with a I+ blue ring visible around a small ocular chamber, Varia-type, 50-70 x 15-20 µm. Ascospores 3(-4)-septate, hyaline (overmature spores often brownish), subclavate with rounded ends, (16-)18-24(-28) x (3-)4-7(-8) μm, with a 0.6-1.2 μm thick, gelatinous perispore, the wall not swollen at septa (Subelevata-type). Pycnidia black, immersed. Conidia bacilliform, straight, 3-7 x 0.5-1 μm. Photobiont trentepohlioid. Spot tests: K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.

Note: on bark and plant debris, rarely also on wood, in areas with mild winters below the montane belt; mostly Tyrrhenian in Italy. Earlier records from Trentino (see Nimis 1993: 459) and Piemonte (Caniglia & al. 1992, Griselli & al. 2003), being dubious, are not accepted here.

Growth form: Crustose

Substrata: bark, soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris

Photobiont: Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: absent

Submediterranean belt: extremely rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare

Humid mediterranean belt: very rare

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Jacques Haine- Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1110&lang=en

France, Crozon

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[Thor-14917], Norway. Leg. G. Thor, 03.09.1995
As Opegrapha herbarum

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[Thor-14917], Norway. Leg. G. Thor, 03.09.1995
As Opegrapha herbarum

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[Thor-14917], Norway. Leg. G. Thor, 03.09.1995
As Opegrapha herbarum

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[Thor-14917], Norway. Leg. G. Thor, 03.09.1995
As Opegrapha herbarum

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[Thor-14917], Norway. Leg. G. Thor, 03.09.1995
As Opegrapha herbarum

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[Thor-14917], Norway. Leg. G. Thor, 03.09.1995
As Opegrapha herbarum

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[Thor-14917], Norway. Leg. G. Thor, 03.09.1995
As Opegrapha herbarum

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[Thor-14917], Norway. Leg. G. Thor, 03.09.1995
As Opegrapha herbarum

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[Thor-14917], Norway. Leg. G. Thor, 03.09.1995
As Opegrapha herbarum

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[Thor-14917], Norway. Leg. G. Thor, 03.09.1995
As Opegrapha herbarum

courtesy Olivier & Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A3/Alyxoria_culmigena.htm

France, Pietrosella : Isolella, alt. 30 m, sur Juniperus phoenicea - Corse
8/10/2017

courtesy Olivier & Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A3/Alyxoria_culmigena.htm

France, Pietrosella : Isolella, alt. 30 m, sur Juniperus phoenicea - Corse
8/10/2017

courtesy Olivier & Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A3/Alyxoria_culmigena.htm

France, Pietrosella : Isolella, alt. 30 m, sur Juniperus phoenicea - Corse
8/10/2017

courtesy Olivier & Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A3/Alyxoria_culmigena.htm

France, Pietrosella : Isolella, alt. 30 m, sur Juniperus phoenicea - Corse
8/10/2017

courtesy Olivier & Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Textes_A3/Alyxoria_culmigena.htm

France, Pietrosella : Isolella, alt. 30 m, sur Juniperus phoenicea - Corse
8/10/2017

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

[Thor-14917], Norway. Leg. G. Thor, 03.09.1995
As Opegrapha herbarum

Jacques Haine- Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1110&lang=en

France, Crozon

Jacques Haine- Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1110&lang=en

France, Crozon

Jacques Haine- Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1110&lang=en

France, Crozon

Jacques Haine- Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1110&lang=en

France, Crozon

Jacques Haine- Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1110&lang=en

France, Crozon

Jacques Haine- Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1110&lang=en

France, Crozon

Marta Gonzalez Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Spain, Hayedo de la Biescona (Colunga-Asturias), el 27-VII-2021, sobre corteza de Fagus sylvatica, leg. y det. Marta González, ERD-9124. *Soto de Agues (Sobrescobio-Asturias), 20-I-2024, sobre corteza indeterminada.

Marta Gonzalez Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Spain, Hayedo de la Biescona (Colunga-Asturias), el 27-VII-2021, sobre corteza de Fagus sylvatica, leg. y det. Marta González, ERD-9124. *Soto de Agues (Sobrescobio-Asturias), 20-I-2024, sobre corteza indeterminada.

Marta Gonzalez Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Spain, Hayedo de la Biescona (Colunga-Asturias), el 27-VII-2021, sobre corteza de Fagus sylvatica, leg. y det. Marta González, ERD-9124. *Soto de Agues (Sobrescobio-Asturias), 20-I-2024, sobre corteza indeterminada.

Marta Gonzalez Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Spain, Hayedo de la Biescona (Colunga-Asturias), el 27-VII-2021, sobre corteza de Fagus sylvatica, leg. y det. Marta González, ERD-9124. *Soto de Agues (Sobrescobio-Asturias), 20-I-2024, sobre corteza indeterminada.

Marta Gonzalez Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Spain, Hayedo de la Biescona (Colunga-Asturias), el 27-VII-2021, sobre corteza de Fagus sylvatica, leg. y det. Marta González, ERD-9124. *Soto de Agues (Sobrescobio-Asturias), 20-I-2024, sobre corteza indeterminada.

Marta Gonzalez Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Spain, Hayedo de la Biescona (Colunga-Asturias), el 27-VII-2021, sobre corteza de Fagus sylvatica, leg. y det. Marta González, ERD-9124. *Soto de Agues (Sobrescobio-Asturias), 20-I-2024, sobre corteza indeterminada.

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