Cladonia macroceras (Delise) Hav.

Cladonia macroceras (Delise) Hav.

Bergens Mus. ?rbok, Naturvid. Rekke, 1927, 3: 12, 1928. Basionym: Cenomyce gracilis var. macroceras Delise in Duby - Bot. Gall., 2: 624, 1830.

Synonyms: Cladonia elongata auct. p.p.; Cladonia gracilis var. macroceras (Delise) Flot.

Distribution: N - Frl (Tretiach & Hafellner 2000), Ven (Nimis 1994, Nascimbene & Caniglia 1997, 2003c, Caniglia & al. 1999, Nascimbene 2005c), TAA (Caniglia & al. 2002, Nascimbene 2001b, 2008b, 2013, Nascimbene & al. 2005, 2006, 2008c, 2022, Lang 2009, Bilovitz & al. 2014, 2014b), Lomb (Rivellini 1994, Rivellini & Valcuvia 1996, Rossi & al. 1998, Valcuvia & al. 2000d, Dalle Vedove & al. 2004, Gheza 2019, 2019b, Gheza & al. 2022, Ravera & al. 2023), Piem (Isocrono & al. 2003, 2004, Isocrono & Piervittori 2008, Watson 2014), VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999, Valcuvia 2000, Piervittori & al. 2004), Emil (Dalle Vedove & al. 2002, Fariselli & al. 2020). C - Tosc (Benesperi & al. 2007), Marc (Herb. Ravera 3002), Sar. S - Cal (Puntillo 1996).

Description: Primary thallus squamulose, often ephemeral but sometimes persistent and forming a bullate crust, the squamules middle-sized (1-4 mm), thick, esorediate, grey green to brown above, white beneath. Podetia robust and elongate, hollow inside, brownish grey to dark brown, becoming reddish brown to almost black at base, up to 15 cm tall and 1-4(-6) mm thick, simple or with a few branches starting from near the base, with pointed apices or with narrow, regular cups non- or sparsely squamulose toward the base, continuously corticate, smooth to often wrinkled and longitudinally ridged, often somewhat glossy; transverse cracks and white medullary outgrowths often present at the base of podetia. Apothecia rare, brown, convex. Asci 8-spored, clavate, thickened at apex, with a K/I+ blue tholus and a K/I+ strongly blue outer gelatinous sheath, Cladonia-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid. Pycnidia dark, semi-immersed, ovoid, developing along the margins of cups, with a colourless jelly. Conidia hyaline, curved. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests and chemistry: two chemotypes (both C-, KC-, P+ red, UV-): 1) K- or K+ yellowish slowly turning brown (fumarprotocetraric acid complex and quaesitic acid). 2) K+ yellow (atranorin and fumarprotocetraric acid complex). Chemotype 1) is the most frequent.

Note: a subarctic-subalpine, circumpolar lichen, one of the most abundant species in subalpine Rhododendron-heaths throughout the Alps, mostly deeply immersed amongst mosses. See also note on C. gracilis.

Growth form: Fruticose

Substrata: soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: rather common

Subalpine belt: extremely common

Oromediterranean belt: extremely rare

Montane belt: absent

Submediterranean belt: absent

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: absent

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder

Austria: Alps.

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (4561)
2002/12/18
tip of podetium with cup

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (17928)
2003/03/06

Triin Aimla; Owner: University of Tartu

Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV); Owner: Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV)

Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV); Owner: Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV)

Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV); Owner: Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV)

Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV); Owner: Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV)

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C4/Cladonia_macroceras.htm

France, Col de l'Iseran - Savoie
5/10/2015

Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C4/Cladonia_macroceras.htm

France, Col de l'Iseran - Savoie
5/10/2015

Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/

Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C4/Cladonia_macroceras.htm

France, Col de l'Iseran - Savoie
5/10/2015

Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C4/Cladonia_macroceras.htm

France, Col de l'Iseran - Savoie
5/10/2015

Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C4/Cladonia_macroceras.htm

France, Col de l'Iseran - Savoie
5/10/2015

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=967&lang=en

France, Alpes Tarentaise 2000 m

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=967&lang=en

France, Alpes Tarentaise 2000 m

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=967&lang=en

France, Alpes Tarentaise 2000 m

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=967&lang=en

France, Alpes Tarentaise 2000 m

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=967&lang=en

France, Alpes Tarentaise 2000 m

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=967&lang=en

France, Alpes Tarentaise 2000 m

Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C4/Cladonia_macroceras.htm

France, Col de l'Iseran - Savoie
5/10/2015

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Spain, Puerto de Piedrafita (Asturias), a 1600 mt de altitud, entre briofitos, leg. & det. M. González, conf. A. R. Burgaz

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Spain, Puerto de Piedrafita (Asturias), a 1600 mt de altitud, entre briofitos, leg. & det. M. González, conf. A. R. Burgaz

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Spain, Puerto de Piedrafita (Asturias), a 1600 mt de altitud, entre briofitos, leg. & det. M. González, conf. A. R. Burgaz

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Spain, Puerto de Piedrafita (Asturias), a 1600 mt de altitud, entre briofitos, leg. & det. M. González, conf. A. R. Burgaz

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Spain, Puerto de Piedrafita (Asturias), a 1600 mt de altitud, entre briofitos, leg. & det. M. González, conf. A. R. Burgaz

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Spain, Puerto de Piedrafita (Asturias), a 1600 mt de altitud, entre briofitos, leg. & det. M. González, conf. A. R. Burgaz

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Spain, Puerto de Piedrafita (Asturias), a 1600 mt de altitud, entre briofitos, leg. & det. M. González, conf. A. R. Burgaz

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Spain, Puerto de Piedrafita (Asturias), a 1600 mt de altitud, entre briofitos, leg. & det. M. González, conf. A. R. Burgaz

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Spain, Puerto de Piedrafita (Asturias), a 1600 mt de altitud, entre briofitos, leg. & det. M. González, conf. A. R. Burgaz

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Spain, Puerto de Piedrafita (Asturias), a 1600 mt de altitud, entre briofitos, leg. & det. M. González, conf. A. R. Burgaz

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Spain, Puerto de Piedrafita (Asturias), a 1600 mt de altitud, entre briofitos, leg. & det. M. González, conf. A. R. Burgaz

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Spain, Puerto de Piedrafita (Asturias), a 1600 mt de altitud, entre briofitos, leg. & det. M. González, conf. A. R. Burgaz

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos

Spain, Puerto de Piedrafita (Asturias), a 1600 mt de altitud, entre briofitos, leg. & det. M. González, conf. A. R. Burgaz

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