Coniocarpon fallax (Ach.) Grube

in Frisch & al., Taxon 63, 4: 737, 2014.. Basionym: Spiloma fallax Ach. - Meth. Lich.: 10, 1803.
Synonyms: Arthonia elegans (Ach.) Almq.; Coniocarpon elegans (Ach.) Duby; Spiloma elegans Ach.
Distribution: N - Ven (Nascimbene & Marini 2010), Lomb (Sundin & Tehler 1998, Ravera & al. 2023), Piem, Lig (Jatta 1909-1911). C - Tosc, Laz, Abr. S - Camp (Puntillo & al. 2000), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Puntillo & Puntillo 2004, 2012).
Description: Thallus crustose, endosubstratic or thinly episubstratic, sometimes evanescent, dirty orange, ochraceous or whitish, sometimes delimited by an orange-violet prothallus. Apothecia arthonioid, very variable in shape, from ellipsoid to weakly lirelliform, often confluent into stellate groups, 0.2-0.6 x 0.1-0.2 mm, with a reddish brown to brown-black, sometimes thinly white-pruinose disc, the marginal areas with a crimson-red pruina. Proper exciple poorly developed, brown, 7–20 μm wide, of 1-2 μm thick, parpaphysoid-like, vertically arranged hyphae, amyloid, with orange, red and purple crystals soluble in K; epithecium yellowish brown, 10-20 μm high, with orange, red and purple crystals soluble in K and K+ purple, composed of the branched tips of paraphysoids extending horizontally above the asci; hymenium colourless to yellowish red, 30-75 μm high, K-, hemiamyloid, I+ red, K/I+ blue; paraphysoids 1-2 μm thick, conglutinated only in lower parts, the branched tips 3(-4) μm wide, free, extending horizontally above the asci; hypothecium poorly developed, 10-25 µm high, colourless to pale yellowish brown, amyloid. Asci 8-spored, broadly clavate to subglobose, semi-fissitunicate, with a large apical dome and a distinct ocular chamber, with a hemiamyloid ring in the tholus, approaching the Arthonia-type. Ascospores (1-)3-4(-5)-septate, hyaline turning pale brown-when overmature, oblong-ovoid, with a larger cell at one apex, (12-)15-18(-22) x (5-)6-9(-10) μm. Photobiont trentepohlioid. Spot tests: thallus K-, C-, KC-, P-. Chemistry: thallus without lichen substances; apothecia with different anthraquinones.
Note: a mild-temperate lichen found on smooth bark, e.g. of Corylus, in humid woodlands, such as along rivers, often with Pseudoschismatomma rufescens. The Italian material needs revision: some Italian records may prove to belong to Coniocarpon cuspidans (see e.g. Cannon & al. 2020). It is included in the Italian red list of epiphytic lichens as “Vulnerable” (Nascimbene & al. 2013c).
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: extremely rare
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: very rare
Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Martin Grube



Domenico Puntillo; Owner: Domenico Puntillo
Italy, Puntillo 5668



Domenico Puntillo; Owner: Domenico Puntillo
Italy


Redinger, K. (1938) Arthoniaceae, Graphidaceae . In Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Band 9, 2 Abt., Part 1 (G. L. Rabenhorst, ed.): 181–404. Leipzig: Borntraeger


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C6/Coniocarpon_fallax.htm
France, sur Fraxinus - Cortambert, alt. 225 m - Saône-et-Loire
19/09/2017


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C6/Coniocarpon_fallax.htm
France, sur Fraxinus - Cortambert, alt. 225 m - Saône-et-Loire
19/09/2017


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C6/Coniocarpon_fallax.htm
France, sur Fraxinus - Cortambert, alt. 225 m - Saône-et-Loire
19/09/2017


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C6/Coniocarpon_fallax.htm
France, sur Fraxinus - Cortambert, alt. 225 m - Saône-et-Loire
19/09/2017


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C6/Coniocarpon_fallax.htm
France, sur Fraxinus - Cortambert, alt. 225 m - Saône-et-Loire
19/09/2017


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=758&lang=en
France, Crozon


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=758&lang=en
France, Crozon


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=758&lang=en
France, Crozon


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=758&lang=en
France, Ardennes


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=758&lang=en
France, Ardennes


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=758&lang=en
France, Ardennes