Crocodia aurata (Ach.) Link

Crocodia aurata (Ach.) Link

Handb. zur Erkennt. nutz. Gew., 3: 177, 1833. Basionym: Sticta aurata Ach. - Meth. Lich.: 277, 1803.

Synonyms: Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Ach.) Vain.

Distribution: S - Pugl, Si.

Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, broad-lobed, forming 7-15 cm wide, orbicular to irregular rosettes, the lobes (3-)5-15 mm wide, up to 30 mm long, rounded, contiguous in marginal parts, imbricate in central parts, becoming undulate, often partly scabrid-areolate, the tips ascending and sometimes shortly and thinly hairy, bright green when wet, grey to olive-green when dry. Soralia abundant, almost exclusively marginal and linear, bright yellow, with granular soredia. Lower surface thinly tomentose, pale towards margins, darker in central parts, with bright yellow, 0.1-0.6 mm wide pseudocyphellae that often reach the margins. Upper cortex of anticlinally oriented, thick-walled hyphae; medulla bright yellow throughout. Apothecia extremely rare, submarginal, glabrous, with an epruinose disc and a distinct thalline margin. Asci 8-spored, Peltigera-type. Ascospores 3-septate, brown, 25-30 x 6-8 μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid (Dictyochloropsis). Spot tests: cortex and medulla K-, C-, KC-, P-; medulla UV+ orange or salmon-pink. Chemistry: calycin, pulvinic acid, pulvinic dilactone, fernene triterpenoids.

Note: an oceanic-subtropical species of moist, warm, open forests, most probably extinct in Italy. The most recent record dates back to 1923 (Marche), with a record by Jatta from Abruzzo (Nimis 1993: 579): both records, from the eastern side of the Peninsula, being dubious are not accepted here. However, the species was also reported from warm-humid areas of Southern Italy (Gargano-Puglia, and Sicily) by Flotow and Rabenhorst (Nimis 1993: 579). In Southern Italy there are warm-humid sites which could have hosted this species.

Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)

Restricted to humid-warm, oceanic areas

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: absent

Submediterranean belt: absent

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: absent

Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=374&lang=en

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (20901)
2002/02/23
lower surface with pseudocyphellae

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (20901)
2002/02/23

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

Herbarium: TSB 11524

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3

Nere Sorrentino

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Sierra de Anaga

Nere Sorrentino

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Sierra de Anaga

Nere Sorrentino

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Sierra de Anaga

Nere Sorrentino

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Sierra de Anaga

Nere Sorrentino

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Sierra de Anaga

Nere Sorrentino

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Sierra de Anaga

Nere Sorrentino

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Sierra de Anaga

Nere Sorrentino

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Sierra de Anaga

Nere Sorrentino

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Sierra de Anaga

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php

Nere Sorrentino

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Nere Sorrentino

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Nere Sorrentino

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Lanzarote

Nere Sorrentino

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Nere Sorrentino

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Nere Sorrentino

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 42298

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 35867

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 35867

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 35867

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 35867

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 42298

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 42298

Nere Sorrentino

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=374&lang=en

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=374&lang=en

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=374&lang=en

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Nere Sorrentino

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=374&lang=en

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=374&lang=en

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=374&lang=en

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=374&lang=en

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=374&lang=en

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=374&lang=en

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=374&lang=en

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=374&lang=en

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=374&lang=en

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=374&lang=en

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

10707 Portugal, Azores, Sao Miguel, Lagoa das Furnas

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

10707 Portugal, Azores, Sao Miguel, Lagoa das Furnas

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

10707 Portugal, Azores, Sao Miguel, Lagoa das Furnas

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

10707 Portugal, Azores, Sao Miguel, Lagoa das Furnas

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

10707 Portugal, Azores, Sao Miguel, Lagoa das Furnas

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

10707 Portugal, Azores, Sao Miguel, Lagoa das Furnas

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

10707 Portugal, Azores, Sao Miguel, Lagoa das Furnas

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

10707 Portugal, Azores, Sao Miguel, Lagoa das Furnas

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

10707 Portugal, Azores, Sao Miguel, Lagoa das Furnas

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

10707 Portugal, Azores, Sao Miguel, Lagoa das Furnas

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

84597 - Brazil, Paranà, Quatro Barras, Morro do Pao de Loth

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

84597 - Brazil, Paranà, Quatro Barras, Morro do Pao de Loth

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

84597 - Brazil, Paranà, Quatro Barras, Morro do Pao de Loth

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

84597 - Brazil, Paranà, Quatro Barras, Morro do Pao de Loth

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

84597 - Brazil, Paranà, Quatro Barras, Morro do Pao de Loth

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

84597 - Brazil, Paranà, Quatro Barras, Morro do Pao de Loth

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

84597 - Brazil, Paranà, Quatro Barras, Morro do Pao de Loth

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

84597 - Brazil, Paranà, Quatro Barras, Morro do Pao de Loth

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

84597 - Brazil, Paranà, Quatro Barras, Morro do Pao de Loth

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[ABL42480], Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Pedra Talhada private area. In Atlantic rain forest on tree bark. 9°15’ S, 36°25’35’’ W, 500-700 m. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 42480), 21-23.10.2017. Det. A. Aptroot, 2017.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[ABL42480], Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Pedra Talhada private area. In Atlantic rain forest on tree bark. 9°15’ S, 36°25’35’’ W, 500-700 m. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 42480), 21-23.10.2017. Det. A. Aptroot, 2017.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[ABL42480], Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Pedra Talhada private area. In Atlantic rain forest on tree bark. 9°15’ S, 36°25’35’’ W, 500-700 m. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 42480), 21-23.10.2017. Det. A. Aptroot, 2017.

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0

[ABL42480], Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Pedra Talhada private area. In Atlantic rain forest on tree bark. 9°15’ S, 36°25’35’’ W, 500-700 m. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 42480), 21-23.10.2017. Det. A. Aptroot, 2017.

Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0

[VZ2267], Australia. Queensland. Mt. Mee State Forest, prope stationem forestalem, 500 m. Ad truncum arboris emortuum, in pluviisilva. Leg. J. Hafellner (no. 16867) et N. Stevens, 13.8.1986, det. D. I. Galloway. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2267 - As Pseudocyphellaria aurata

Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0

[VZ2267], Australia. Queensland. Mt. Mee State Forest, prope stationem forestalem, 500 m. Ad truncum arboris emortuum, in pluviisilva. Leg. J. Hafellner (no. 16867) et N. Stevens, 13.8.1986, det. D. I. Galloway. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2267 - As Pseudocyphellaria aurata

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