Crocodia aurata (Ach.) Link

Crocodia aurata (Ach.) Link

Handb. zur Erkennt. nutz. Gew., 3: 177, 1833. Basionym: Sticta aurata Ach. - Meth. Lich.: 277, 1803.

Synonyms: Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Ach.) Vain.

Distribution: S - Pugl, Si.

Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, broad-lobed, forming 7-15 cm wide, orbicular to irregular rosettes. Lobes (3-)5-15 mm wide, up to 30 mm long, rounded, contiguous in marginal parts, imbricate in central parts, becoming undulate, often partly scabrid-areolate, the tips ascending and sometimes shortly and thinly hairy, bright green when wet, grey to olive-green when dry. Soralia abundant, almost exclusively marginal and linear, bright yellow, with granular soredia. Lower surface thinly tomentose, pale towards margins, darker in central parts, with bright yellow, 0.1-0.6 mm wide pseudocyphellae that often reach the margins. Upper cortex of anticlinally oriented, thick-walled hyphae; medulla bright yellow throughout. Apothecia extremely rare, submarginal, glabrous, with an epruinose disc and a distinct thalline margin. Asci 8-spored, Peltigera-type. Ascospores 3-septate, brown, 25-30 x 6-8 μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid (Dictyochloropsis). Spot tests: cortex and medulla K-, C-, KC-, P-; medulla UV+ orange or salmon-pink. Chemistry: calycin, pulvinic acid, pulvinic dilactone, fernene triterpenoids.

Note: an oceanic-subtropical species of moist, warm, open forests, most probably extinct in Italy. The most recent record dates back to 1923 (Marche), with a record by Jatta from Abruzzo (Nimis 1993: 579): both records, from the eastern side of the Peninsula, being dubious are not accepted here. However, the species was also reported from warm-humid areas of Southern Italy (Gargano-Puglia, and Sicily) by Flotow and Rabenhorst (Nimis 1993: 579). In Southern Italy there are warm-humid sites which could have hosted this species.

Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)

Restricted to humid-warm, oceanic areas

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: absent

Submediterranean belt: absent

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: absent

Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=374&lang=en

Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (20901)
2002/02/23
lower surface with pseudocyphellae

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (20901)
2002/02/23

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

Herbarium: TSB 11524

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0

Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3

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P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 42298

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TSB 35867

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TSB 35867

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

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P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 42298

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Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=374&lang=en

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Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=374&lang=en

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Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=374&lang=en

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Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=374&lang=en

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