ITALIC 7.0

Lecanographa amylacea (Pers.) Egea & Torrente (trentepohlioid)

Bibl. Lichenol., 54: 122, 1994. Basionym: Lichen amylaceus Ehrh. ex Pers. - Plant. Crypt. Exsicc.: 303, 1793.

Synonyms: Lecanactis amylacea (Pers.) Arnold; Lecanactis illecebrosa (Dufour) Fr.; Lecidea farinosa (Ach.) Röhl. non H. Magn.; Opegrapha illecebrosa Dufour; Schismatomma illecebrosum (Dufour) A. Massal.

Distribution: N - Ven (Nascimbene & Marini 2010), TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2007b), Lig (Giordani & al. 2009, Giordani & Incerti 2008). C - Tosc, Laz (Ravera & al. 1999, 2000, Munzi & al. 2004, 2007), Sar (Rizzi & al. 2011, Di Nuzzo & al. 2022). S - Camp (Ravera & al. 2021), Pugl (Durini & Medagli 2004), Bas (Potenza 2006, Potenza & al. 2010, Potenza & Fascetti 2012), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Incerti & Nimis 2006, Brackel & Puntillo 2016), Si (Nimis & al. 1994, Ottonello & al. 2011).

Description: This lichen appears in two very different morphotypes, depending on the photobiont: 1) Morphotype with Trentepohlia (corresponding to the type): Thallus crustose, episubstratic, continuous to rimose, thick, chalky white to grey-white, farinose, usually with numerous, pale brown, c. 0.2 mm wide granular flecks, sometimes delimited by a discontinuous, dark prothalline line. Apothecia not always present, round to irregular in outline but never lirelliform, 0.2-0.6 mm across, more or less immersed in the thallus, with a concave to slightly convex, black but densely white-pruinose disc and a thin, usually epruinose, black, persistent proper margin. Proper exciple black, extending below the hymenium; epithecium brown; hymenium colourless, 65-85 µm high, I+ blue, then reddish; paraphysoids sparingly branched and anastomosing, 1-1.5 µm thick, with poorly swollen, brown-tipped apices; subhymenium pale brown, 30-40 µm high; hypothecium dark brown to black. Asci 8-spored, narrowly clavate to cylindrical, fissitunicate, the apex with a narrow, K/I± pale blue apical dome penetrated by a small ocular chamber surrounded by a small, K/I+ dark blue, ring-like zone (Grumulosa-type of Egea & Torrente 1994). Ascospores 3(-4)-septate, hyaline, fusiform, straight or slightly curved, (14-)17-25(-28) x (2-)3-3.5 µm, with a thin gelatinous perispore. Pycnidia rare, immersed, globose, black. Conidia hyaline, bacilliform, 5-7 x 1-1.2 µm. Photobiont trentepohlioid. Spot tests: thallus K- or K+ yellow-orange, C. KC-, P-, UV-; medulla UV+ citrine-glaucous in the trebouxioid form, UV+ white, K/UV– in the trentepohlioid form. Chemistry: an unknown UV+ substance in the medulla. 2) Morphotype with Trebouxia (corresponding to Buellia violaceofusca G. Thor & Muhr): Thallus crustose, endosubstratic or episubstratic and then granular, up to 0.15 mm thick, pale grey to almost white, with scattered, maculiform, 0.15-0.6 mm wide, often confluent soralia which are dark dirty brown with a violet tinge, (greenish when abraded), the soredia 15-20(-23) µm wide, with brown, 1.8-2.5 µm thick outer hyphae, the inner colourless hyphae 1.3-1.7(-2) µm thick. Apothecia and pycnidia not known. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: all negative, except the pigmented outer hyphae of the soredia, which react K+ greenish grey, N+ red-brown. Chemistry: without lichen substances.

Note: a mild-temperate, mainly western lichen found on isolated, old deciduous trees with acid bark, especially oaks, on faces seldom wetted by rain. According to Ertz & al. (2018), the sorediate Buellia violaceofusca G. Thor & Muhr seems to be a trebouxioid photomorph of this species, the fungus, depending on the photobiont type, changing the morphology and the reproduction strategy.

Growth form: Crustose

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

In underhangs rarely wetted by rain

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: absent

Submediterranean belt: extremely rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: very rare

Humid mediterranean belt: rare

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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5

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Index Fungorum GBIF

Domenico Puntillo; Owner: Domenico Puntillo

Italy