Lecanora argopholis (Ach.) Ach.

Lichenogr. Univ.: 346, 1810. Basionym: Parmelia atra var. argopholis Ach. - Meth. Lich. Suppl.: 32, 1803.
Synonyms: Lecanora blyttii (Fr.) Schaer.; Lecanora frustulosa auct. p.p.; Lecanora frustulosa var. argopholis (Ach.) Fr.; Lecanora thiodes Spreng.; Patellaria frustulosa var. thiodes (Spreng.) Trevis.; Schistoplaca argopholis (Ach.) Brusse
Distribution: N - Ven, TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2022), Lomb, Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004), VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999), Lig. C - Tosc, Sar. S - Camp.
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, warted-areolate to subfruticose, yellowish white, grey-greenish yellow or pale yellow, rarely delimited by a dark prothallus. Areoles mostly contiguous, at first strongly convex, then becoming either subglobose (to 2.3 mm thick and 1.5 mm wide), or cylindrical (c. 0.5 mm wide) and coralloid-branching, with strongly expanded (to 1.5 mm) tips, forming a subfruticose, 1-5(-6) mm thick crust, the central parts sometimes falling off. Cortex 25-50 µm thick, of more or less anticlinally arranged cells, filled with small, 1-1.5 µm wide, colourless crystals not dissolving in K and in N; medulla white, filled with 1-5 µm wide crystals. Apothecia frequent, lecanorine, (0.5-)1-2(-3) mm across, at first broadly sessile, then constricted at base, with a brown to dark brown-black, epruinose, slightly concave to convex disc, and a thin, subcrenulate, slightly prominent, usually persistent thalline margin. Thalline exciple corticate, the cortex filled with crystals; proper exciple 15-30 µm wide; epithecium brown, N-, overlain with a 3-5 µm thick colourless layer, inspersed with 1-1.5 µm wide crystals which are soluble in K and in N, but not in HCl; hymenium colourless, (55-)70-75(-95) µm high, I+ blue; paraphyses 1.5-2.5 µm thick in lower part, simple or sparingly branched in upper part, the apical cells slightly expanded, to 7 µm wide; hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, broadly clavate, very thin-walled, with a K/I+ blue, tall tholus penetrated by a faintly amyloid apical cushion, the wall K/I-, surrounded by a blue outer layer, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 9-18 x 5.5-10 µm. Pycnidia immersed, ovoid to subglobose, the wall colourless except near the dark ostiole. Conidia filiform, straight or slightly curved, 21-39 x c. 0.5 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: cortex K+ pale to bright yellow, C-, KC+ yellow, P+ pale to bright yellow; medulla K- or K+ pale yellow, P- or P+ pale yellow. Chemistry: atranorin, epanorin, zeorin, fatty acids, rarely with gangaleoidin, and/or traces of norstictic stictic and usnic acids.
Note: a holarctic lichen found on base-rich, sometimes weakly calciferous siliceous rocks, occasionally on detritus, bryophytes and other lichens (e.g. on Psora globifera); most frequent in the Alps.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: extremely rare
Oromediterranean belt: extremely rare
Montane belt: extremely rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

12345

Solar irradiation:

12345

Aridity:

12345

Eutrophication:

12345

Poleotolerance:

0123

Altitudinal distribution:

123456


Predictive model
Herbarium samples


Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42417



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (16643)
2001/11/25



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (16643)
2001/11/25



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[LIAF_48], Afghanistan, Prov. Paktia, 5 km S Tani, ca.18 km SW Khost, 69°49.5’ E, 33°12’ N, 1450 m. S- bis W-exponierte Felsstufen, Kalk, in lockerem Strauchbestand. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 89/1), 06.07.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 48



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[LIAF_48], Afghanistan, Prov. Paktia, 5 km S Tani, ca.18 km SW Khost, 69°49.5’ E, 33°12’ N, 1450 m. S- bis W-exponierte Felsstufen, Kalk, in lockerem Strauchbestand. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 89/1), 06.07.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 48



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[LIAF_48], Afghanistan, Prov. Paktia, 5 km S Tani, ca.18 km SW Khost, 69°49.5’ E, 33°12’ N, 1450 m. S- bis W-exponierte Felsstufen, Kalk, in lockerem Strauchbestand. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 89/1), 06.07.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 48



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA4.0
[20894], Switzerland, Tessin, Western Alps, Lepontine Alps, Adula Alps, 6 km NE of Olivone, west slopes of Torno above Lago di Luzzone, just above Alpe Garzott, 46°34'20'' n, 8°59'25'' E, 1640 m, large boulders of mafic metamorphite in a pasture . Leg. J. Hafellner (no 81759) & L. Muggia, 22.8.2006. det. J. Hafellner. DUPLA GRAECENSIA LICHENUM NR. 1139



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA4.0
[20894], Switzerland, Tessin, Western Alps, Lepontine Alps, Adula Alps, 6 km NE of Olivone, west slopes of Torno above Lago di Luzzone, just above Alpe Garzott, 46°34'20'' n, 8°59'25'' E, 1640 m, large boulders of mafic metamorphite in a pasture . Leg. J. Hafellner (no 81759) & L. Muggia, 22.8.2006. det. J. Hafellner. DUPLA GRAECENSIA LICHENUM NR. 1139



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42416



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42416



Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[LIAF_47], Afghanistan, Prov. Kabul, Tal des Paghman-Flusses, ca. 4 km oberhalb des Ortes Paghman, 68°55’ E, 34°37’ N, ca. 2459 m, Granitblöcke. Leg. M. Steiner (Ste 2), 24.04.1970. LICHENOTHECA AFGHANICA NR. 47



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42417