Mycoblastus sanguinarius (L.) Norman

Nytt Mag. Naturvid., 7: 237, 1853. Basionym: Lichen sanguinarius L. - Sp. Pl.: 1140, 1753.
Synonyms: Lecidea didymospora Stirt.; Lecidea sanguinaria (L.) Ach.; Lecidea sanguinaria var. endorhoda Th. Fr.; Megalospora sanguinaria (L.) A. Massal.; Oedemocarpus sanguinarius (L.) Trevis.
Distribution: N - Ven, TAA (Nascimbene & al. 2009, 2010, 2022, Nimis & al. 2015), Piem.
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, pale to dark grey, turning greenish when wet, thick and verrucose, continuous or cracked, sometimes delimited by a pale to dark grey prothallus. Soralia rarely present, rounded, convex, discrete, widely dispersed in scattered groups, often few in number, usually occurring together with apothecia. Apothecia common, biatorine, 0.5-2(-3) mm across, black, with a flat to strongly convex disc and a thin, soon excluded proper margin, developing on a bright carmine-red thalline cushion that may be exposed when the thallus is abraded. Proper exciple reduced, the hyphae vertically arranged and resembling paraphyses; epithecium blue-black; hymenium greenish (Cinereorufa-green pigment), without crystals visible under polarized light; paraphyses branched and anastomosing; hypothecium red-brown in upper part, carmine-red in lower part. Asci 1(-3)-spored, cylindrical-clavate, thick-walled, the apical dome K/I+ blue, with a distinct ocular chamber, the outer layer thickened and forming a K/I+ dark blue apical cap, intermediate between the Biatora and the Bacidia-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, oblong to ellipsoid with rounded ends, 65-100 x (28-)32-50 μm, the wall 5-7 μm thick. Pycnidia common, with a dark green wall. Conidia bacilliform, 6-9 x c. 1 μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K+ dirty yellow, C-, KC-, P+ yellowish or P-, UV-; hypothecium and the underlying red tissue K+ red, P-, UV-. Chemistry: thallus with atranorin, chloratranorin, rhodocladonic acid, caperatic acid.
Note: a circumboreal-montane species found on lignum and bark of conifers (especially Larix), mostly in the subalpine belt; perhaps restricted to the Alps in Italy.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark and lignum
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: rare
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


E. Pittao CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 29057



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (12965)
2002/02/21
sectioned apothecium with the typical reddish pigment



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (12965)
2002/02/21


Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu



E. Pittao; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (TSB 29057)
20.10.2009



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Paneveggio, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
2006



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Paneveggio, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
2006



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Paneveggio, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
2006



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Paneveggio, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
2006



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Paneveggio, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
2006



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42025



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42026



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42540



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42540



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 42540


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=897&lang=en
France, Jura


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=897&lang=en
France, Jura


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=897&lang=en
France, Jura


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=897&lang=en
France, Jura


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=897&lang=en
France, Jura


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=897&lang=en
France, Jura


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=897&lang=en
France, Jura


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=897&lang=en
France, Jura


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=897&lang=en
France, Jura


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=897&lang=en
France, Jura


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe: Germany, Hesse, Rhön Mountains. on Betula