Pachnolepia pruinata (Pers.) Frisch & G. Thor

in Frisch & al., Taxon, 63: 740, 2014. Basionym: Patellaria pruinata Pers. - Ann. Bot. (Usteri), 1: 28, 1794.
Synonyms: Arthonia algarbica Samp.; Arthonia impolita (Hoffm.) Borrer; Arthonia pruinata (Pers.) A.L. Sm.; Arthonia pruinosa Ach.; Arthonia pruinosa var. spilomatica Linds.; Pachnolepia impolita (Ehrh.) A. Massal.
Distribution: N - Ven (Nascimbene & Marini 2010), Lomb, Emil (Nimis & al. 1996, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig. C - Tosc, Umb (Genovesi & al. 2001, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz, Sar (Zedda 2002). S - Camp, Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Puntillo & Puntillo 2004, Incerti & Nimis 2006), Si (Nimis & al. 1994).
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, whitish grey to pale brown, effuse, rimose-cracked, 0.1-0.5(-1) mm thick, without a distinct prothallus. Apothecia arthonioid, round to angular, sometimes lobed, immersed to slightly erumpent, sometimes finally sessile, 0.3-0.7(-1) mm across, 0.1-0.25 mm tall, with a pinkish brown to dark brown, but heavily grey- to white-pruinose disc (calcium oxalates), without a distinct proper margin. Proper exciple poorly developed, of peripheral hyphal structures with crystals of calcium oxalates between hyphae; epithecium reddish brown, c. 15 µm high, covered in a thick layer of crystals, K+ grey or pale green; hymenium colourless to pale reddish brown, (40-)45-60 µm high, I+ blue rapidly turning red, K/I+ blue; paraphysoids branched and anastomosing, c. 1.5 µm thick, the apical cells up to 2.5 µm wide, with brown walls; hypothecium colourless, (70-)90-150(-170) µm high, I+ pale blue. Asci 8-spored, broadly clavate, semi-fissitunicate, with a large apical dome and a distinct ocular chamber, the tholus K/I-, Arthonia-type. Ascospores (3-)4-5-septate, hyaline, narrowly obovate, slightly pointed at one end, the upper cell not enlarged, (11-)14-17(-24) x (4-)5-7(-8) µm, without a distinct epispore. Pycnidia rare, immersed, 0.1-0.2 mm across, pale to red brown, the wall the wall colourless or pale red-brown in which case it reacts K+ pale green. Conidia thread-like, usually curved, 10-16 x 0.5-1 µm. Photobiont trentepohlioid. Spot tests: thallus and apothecial pruina K-, C+ red, KC+ red, P-, UV-. Chemistry: arthoniaic acid.
Note: a mild-temperate lichen found on isolated, old deciduous trees, especially oaks, in parts of the boles seldom wetted by rain, restricted to humid areas; presently extremely rare in Northern Italy, more frequent in Tyrrhenian Italy. It is included in the Italian red list of epiphytic lichens as “Near-threatened” (Nascimbene & al. 2013c). The record from Venezia Giulia cited by Nimis (1993: 82) was due to a misidentification.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
In underhangs rarely wetted by rain

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: very rare
Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 20682


Photo uploaded by P. Cannon, CC BY-SA NC Source: http://fungi.myspecies.info/file/7392



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 9348


Redinger, K. (1938) Arthoniaceae, Graphidaceae . In Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Band 9, 2 Abt., Part 1 (G. L. Rabenhorst, ed.): 181–404. Leipzig: Borntraeger


Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Lanzarote, on Pinus


Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Lanzarote, on Pinus


Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Lanzarote, on Pinus


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
France, Carteret


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
France, Carteret


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
France, Carteret


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
France, Châteaulin


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
France, Châteaulin


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
France, Châteaulin


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
France, Pont Croix


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
France, Pont Croix


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
France, Pont Croix


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
France, Pont Croix


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
France, Pont Croix


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
France, Pont Croix


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
France, Pont Croix


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
France, Logonna-Daoulas


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
France, Logonna-Daoulas


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
Belgium, Cerfontaine


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
Belgium, Cerfontaine


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
Belgium, Cerfontaine


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
Belgium, Cerfontaine


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
Belgium, Cerfontaine


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
Belgium, Cerfontaine


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
Belgium, Cerfontaine


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
Belgium, Cerfontaine


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
Belgium, Cerfontaine


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=678&lang=en
Belgium, Cerfontaine