Parmotrema robustum (Degel.) Hale
Phytologia, 28: 338, 1974. Basionym: Parmelia robusta Degel. - Göteb. Vetensk.-och Vitter.-Handl., ser. B, 1, 7: 33, 1941.
Synonyms: Parmelia dilatata auct. non Vain.
Distribution: N - Lig. C - Tosc. S - Camp (Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Puntillo & Puntillo 2011).
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, loosely adnate, pale grey to grey-green, sorediate, very large, up to 40 cm wide. Lobes rounded, (5-)20-30(-35) mm wide, emaculate, with incised to sinuose, raised, eciliate to sparingly ciliate margins, the cilia simple, black, up to 1 mm long. Soralia sparse, marginal, subcapitate, on short marginal lobules. Lower surface black in central parts, with black, simple rhizines, the marginal zone pale brown, erhizinate. Upper cortex of tightly packed, anticlinally oriented hyphae, with a pored epicortex, the cell walls with lichenan intermediate between the Cetraria- and the Xanthoparmelia-types; medulla white; algal layer continuous; lower cortex prosoplectenchymatous, with rounded and thick-walled cells. Apothecia extremely rare, lecanorine (not observed in Italian material). Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Pycnidia rare, punctiform, black, immersed. Conidia filiform. Spot tests: upper cortex K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P- or P+ faintly yellow, UV-; medulla K- or K+ dirty yellow, C-, KC- or KC+ faintly pink, P+ orange to rust-red, UV-. Chemistry: upper cortex with atranorin; medulla with protocetraric acid and variable, usually low amounts of fatty acids.Note: a humid subtropical species found on broad-leaved trees in humid-warm situations; exclusively Tyrrhenian and extremely rare in Italy. It is included in the Italian red list of epiphytic lichens as “Critically Endangered” (Nascimbene & al. 2013c).
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Restricted to humid-warm, oceanic areas
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Portugal: Madeira.
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (31715)
2003/03/12
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (20900)
2003/03/12
E. Pittao
TSB 16186)
E. Pittao
TSB 20900)
E. Pittao
TSB 20255)
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[9123], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera: Beim Mirador de Alojera (Piedras Hincadas) nördlich von Arure im Lorbeer-Erica Wald, 28°08.995’ N, 17°18.483’ W, 1000 m. Leg. Schumm 10.02.2002, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[9123], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera: Beim Mirador de Alojera (Piedras Hincadas) nördlich von Arure im Lorbeer-Erica Wald, 28°08.995’ N, 17°18.483’ W, 1000 m. Leg. Schumm 10.02.2002, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[9123], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera: Beim Mirador de Alojera (Piedras Hincadas) nördlich von Arure im Lorbeer-Erica Wald, 28°08.995’ N, 17°18.483’ W, 1000 m. Leg. Schumm 10.02.2002, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19127], Australia, New South Wales, along the Mongarlowe River, 3.5 km south of Monga, 35°37' S, 149°55' E, 665 m, growing on Acacia falciformis in wet sclerophyll forest. Leg. J.A. Elix (11415) & H. Streimann, 25.10.1983. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. NO. 141.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19127], Australia, New South Wales, along the Mongarlowe River, 3.5 km south of Monga, 35°37' S, 149°55' E, 665 m, growing on Acacia falciformis in wet sclerophyll forest. Leg. J.A. Elix (11415) & H. Streimann, 25.10.1983. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. NO. 141.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19127], Australia, New South Wales, along the Mongarlowe River, 3.5 km south of Monga, 35°37' S, 149°55' E, 665 m, growing on Acacia falciformis in wet sclerophyll forest. Leg. J.A. Elix (11415) & H. Streimann, 25.10.1983. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. NO. 141
a: atranorin, pr: protocetraric acid, vi: virensic acid
Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[19993, MGxxxx], Portugal, Madeira, ca. 1.5 km südlich von Ribeira de Janela, 32.83277° N, 17.15819° W, 707 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 13.09.2018
Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[19993, MGxxxx], Portugal, Madeira, ca. 1.5 km südlich von Ribeira de Janela, 32.83277° N, 17.15819° W, 707 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 13.09.2018
Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[19993, MGxxxx], Portugal, Madeira, ca. 1.5 km südlich von Ribeira de Janela, 32.83277° N, 17.15819° W, 707 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 13.09.2018
at: atranorin, p: protocetraric acid; anal. M.Guwak
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19127], Australia, New South Wales, along the Mongarlowe River, 3.5 km south of Monga, 35°37' S, 149°55' E, 665 m, growing on Acacia falciformis in wet sclerophyll forest. Leg. J.A. Elix (11415) & H. Streimann, 25.10.1983. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. NO. 141.
Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=276&lang=en
France, Bodogat
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=276&lang=en
France, Bodogat
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=276&lang=en
France, Forêt du Cranou
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=276&lang=en
France, Forêt du Cranou
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=276&lang=en
France, Argol
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=276&lang=en
France, Argol
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=276&lang=en
France, Crozon Kador
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=276&lang=en
France, Crozon Kador
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Ile Vierge
saxicolous
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Pointe du Raz
saxicolous
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Pointe du Raz
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Ile Vierge
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Ile Vierge
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Ile Vierge
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Landevennec
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Landevennec
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Landevennec
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Landevennec
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1239&lang=en
France, Crozon
on the plastic hull of an abandoned boat in a marine boat cemetery
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1239&lang=en
France, Crozon
on the plastic hull of an abandoned boat in a marine boat cemetery
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1239&lang=en
France, Crozon
on the plastic hull of an abandoned boat in a marine boat cemetery
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1239&lang=en
France, Crozon
on the plastic hull of an abandoned boat in a marine boat cemetery
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Portugal: Madeira.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL42768], Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Pedra Talhada private
area. In Atlantic rain forest on tree bark. 9°15’ S, 36°25’35’’ W, 500-700
m. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 42768), 21-23.10.2017. Det. A.
Aptroot, 2017. - Medulla UV-, K-, KC-, C-.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL42768], Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Pedra Talhada private
area. In Atlantic rain forest on tree bark. 9°15’ S, 36°25’35’’ W, 500-700
m. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 42768), 21-23.10.2017. Det. A.
Aptroot, 2017. - Medulla UV-, K-, KC-, C-.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Restricted to humid-warm, oceanic areas
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: extremely rare
Dry mediterranean belt: absent
Predictive model
| Herbarium samples |
Index Fungorum
GBIF
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Portugal: Madeira.
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (31715)
2003/03/12
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (20900)
2003/03/12
E. Pittao
TSB 16186)
E. Pittao
TSB 20900)
E. Pittao
TSB 20255)
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[9123], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera: Beim Mirador de Alojera (Piedras Hincadas) nördlich von Arure im Lorbeer-Erica Wald, 28°08.995’ N, 17°18.483’ W, 1000 m. Leg. Schumm 10.02.2002, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[9123], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera: Beim Mirador de Alojera (Piedras Hincadas) nördlich von Arure im Lorbeer-Erica Wald, 28°08.995’ N, 17°18.483’ W, 1000 m. Leg. Schumm 10.02.2002, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[9123], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera: Beim Mirador de Alojera (Piedras Hincadas) nördlich von Arure im Lorbeer-Erica Wald, 28°08.995’ N, 17°18.483’ W, 1000 m. Leg. Schumm 10.02.2002, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19127], Australia, New South Wales, along the Mongarlowe River, 3.5 km south of Monga, 35°37' S, 149°55' E, 665 m, growing on Acacia falciformis in wet sclerophyll forest. Leg. J.A. Elix (11415) & H. Streimann, 25.10.1983. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. NO. 141.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19127], Australia, New South Wales, along the Mongarlowe River, 3.5 km south of Monga, 35°37' S, 149°55' E, 665 m, growing on Acacia falciformis in wet sclerophyll forest. Leg. J.A. Elix (11415) & H. Streimann, 25.10.1983. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. NO. 141.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19127], Australia, New South Wales, along the Mongarlowe River, 3.5 km south of Monga, 35°37' S, 149°55' E, 665 m, growing on Acacia falciformis in wet sclerophyll forest. Leg. J.A. Elix (11415) & H. Streimann, 25.10.1983. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. NO. 141
a: atranorin, pr: protocetraric acid, vi: virensic acid
Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[19993, MGxxxx], Portugal, Madeira, ca. 1.5 km südlich von Ribeira de Janela, 32.83277° N, 17.15819° W, 707 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 13.09.2018
Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[19993, MGxxxx], Portugal, Madeira, ca. 1.5 km südlich von Ribeira de Janela, 32.83277° N, 17.15819° W, 707 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 13.09.2018
Felix Schumm - CC BY.SA 4.0
[19993, MGxxxx], Portugal, Madeira, ca. 1.5 km südlich von Ribeira de Janela, 32.83277° N, 17.15819° W, 707 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 13.09.2018
at: atranorin, p: protocetraric acid; anal. M.Guwak
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19127], Australia, New South Wales, along the Mongarlowe River, 3.5 km south of Monga, 35°37' S, 149°55' E, 665 m, growing on Acacia falciformis in wet sclerophyll forest. Leg. J.A. Elix (11415) & H. Streimann, 25.10.1983. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. NO. 141.
Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=276&lang=en
France, Bodogat
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=276&lang=en
France, Bodogat
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=276&lang=en
France, Forêt du Cranou
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=276&lang=en
France, Forêt du Cranou
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=276&lang=en
France, Argol
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=276&lang=en
France, Argol
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=276&lang=en
France, Crozon Kador
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=276&lang=en
France, Crozon Kador
corticolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Ile Vierge
saxicolous
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Pointe du Raz
saxicolous
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Pointe du Raz
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Ile Vierge
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Ile Vierge
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Ile Vierge
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Landevennec
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Landevennec
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Landevennec
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=729&lang=en
France, Landevennec
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1239&lang=en
France, Crozon
on the plastic hull of an abandoned boat in a marine boat cemetery
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1239&lang=en
France, Crozon
on the plastic hull of an abandoned boat in a marine boat cemetery
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1239&lang=en
France, Crozon
on the plastic hull of an abandoned boat in a marine boat cemetery
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1239&lang=en
France, Crozon
on the plastic hull of an abandoned boat in a marine boat cemetery
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Portugal: Madeira.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL42768], Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Pedra Talhada private area. In Atlantic rain forest on tree bark. 9°15’ S, 36°25’35’’ W, 500-700 m. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 42768), 21-23.10.2017. Det. A. Aptroot, 2017. - Medulla UV-, K-, KC-, C-.
