Staurolemma omphalarioides (Anzi) P.M. Jørg. & Henssen

Staurolemma omphalarioides (Anzi) P.M. Jørg. & Henssen

Graphis Scripta, 5: 13: 1993. Basionym: Collema omphalarioides Anzi - Comm. Soc. Critt. Ital., 1: 131, 1862.

Synonyms: Lempholemma hispanicum (Samp.) Zahlbr.; Lempholemma omphalarioides (Anzi) Zahlbr.; Physma hispanicum Samp.; Physma omphalarioides (Anzi) Arnold; Staurolemma dalmaticum Körb.

Distribution: N - VG, Lig (Brunialti & al. 1999). C - Tosc, Umb (Genovesi & al. 2002, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz (Ravera 2001, 2006c, Massari & Ravera 2002, Nimis & Tretiach 2004), Abr (Recchia & al. 1993, Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Mol (Paoli & al. 2015, Caporale & Ravera 2020), Sar (Zedda 1995, 2002). S - Camp (Aprile & al. 2002, Nimis & Tretiach 2004), Pugl, Bas (Potenza & al. 2014), Cal (Puntillo 1996, Puntillo & Puntillo 2004), Si (Grillo & Caniglia 2004, 2006).

Description: Thallus small-foliose, homoiomerous, gelatinous when wet, forming up to 3 cm wide (usually less) and 0.5-1 cm tall cushions. Lobes 1-3(-4) mm wide, rounded, with ascending margins, black, up to 400 μm thick when wet, with initially subcylindrical, later globose, up to 0.2 mm wide isidioid outgrowths. Upper and lower cortex absent. Apothecia frequent, lecanorine, (0.3-)0.5-0.8(-1.5) mm across, laminal and marginal, with a dark brown to black disc and a usually pseudoisidiate-granulose thalline margin. Thalline exciple brown, 150-200 μm thick; proper exciple 60-90 μm thick, paraplectenchymatous; epithecium brown; hymenium colourless, up to 100 μm high, I- (I+ blue only in lower part); paraphyses without visible septa, the apical cells with a hemispherical grey cap; subhymenium yellowish, of compacted, unorientated, gelatinous hyphae, 40-70 μm high. Asci 8-spored, clavate, the wall K/I+ blue, but without amyloid apical structures. Ascospores 1-celled, colourless, subglobose to ellipsoid, 12-15 x 7-10 μm, thick-walled. Pycnidia rare, immersed, with branched, short-celled conidiophores. Conidia bacilliform, c. 3 x 1 μm. Photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc, the individual cells 4-5 μm in diam., arranged in chains). Spot tests: all negative. Chemistry: without lichen substances.

Note: a mild-temperate, mainly Mediterranean-Atlantic lichen also known from warm-humid areas of the Caucasus, only locally common in Italy, e.g. on Olea in parts of Tyrrhenian Italy. For further information see Jørgensen & Henssen (1993, with map).

Growth form: Foliose, narrow lobed

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema)

Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by isidia, or isidia-like structures (e.g. schizidia)

Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: absent

Submediterranean belt: extremely rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: rare

Humid mediterranean belt: rather rare

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

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Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

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Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 13725

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

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Elena Pittao - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 13725

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 13725

Zahlbruckner A. 1926. Lichenes (Flechten). In: Engler A. (ed.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed., vol 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp.

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 13725

P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04

TSB 13725

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Staurolemma_omphalarioides.htm

France, 29/8/2017 - Coubon, sur Malus communis - alt. 660 m - Haute-Loire - (43) - leg. Arnaud Descheemacker, dét. O et D. Gonnet et Cl. Roux

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Staurolemma_omphalarioides.htm

France, 29/8/2017 - Coubon, sur Malus communis - alt. 660 m - Haute-Loire - (43) - leg. Arnaud Descheemacker, dét. O et D. Gonnet et Cl. Roux

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Staurolemma_omphalarioides.htm

France, 29/8/2017 - Coubon, sur Malus communis - alt. 660 m - Haute-Loire - (43) - leg. Arnaud Descheemacker, dét. O et D. Gonnet et Cl. Roux

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Staurolemma_omphalarioides.htm

France, 29/8/2017 - Coubon, sur Malus communis - alt. 660 m - Haute-Loire - (43) - leg. Arnaud Descheemacker, dét. O et D. Gonnet et Cl. Roux

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Staurolemma_omphalarioides.htm

France, 29/8/2017 - Coubon, sur Malus communis - alt. 660 m - Haute-Loire - (43) - leg. Arnaud Descheemacker, dét. O et D. Gonnet et Cl. Roux

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Staurolemma_omphalarioides.htm

France, 29/8/2017 - Coubon, sur Malus communis - alt. 660 m - Haute-Loire - (43) - leg. Arnaud Descheemacker, dét. O et D. Gonnet et Cl. Roux

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Text_S2/Staurolemma_omphalarioides.htm

France, 29/8/2017 - Coubon, sur Malus communis - alt. 660 m - Haute-Loire - (43) - leg. Arnaud Descheemacker, dét. O et D. Gonnet et Cl. Roux

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