Tephromela grumosa (Pers.) Hafellner & Cl. Roux

in Clauzade & Roux, Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, n. sér., nr. spéc. 7: 829, 1985. Basionym: Lichen grumosus Pers. - Ann. Bot. (Usteri), 8: 36, 1795.
Synonyms: Lecanora atra var. grumosa (Pers.) Ach.; Lecanora grumosa (Pers.) Röhl.
Distribution: N - TAA (Dalla Torre & Sarnthein 1902), VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999), Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020). C - Tosc (Tretiach 2002, 2004, Muggia & al. 2006, 2008), Sar (Muggia & al. 2008). S - Si (Muggia & al. 2008).
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, rather thick, rimose-areolate, forming up to 10-15 cm wide patches, sometimes delimited by a blue-black prothallus, the areoles 2-5 mm in diam., convex, the central ones completely covered in granular, 50-100 µm thick, dark blue grey soredia fading to grey or greenish when old; marginal areoles often devoid of soredia. Apothecia usually absent, lecanorine, 0.5-1.8 mm across, with a dark grey to black disc and a sorediate thalline margin. Proper exciple thin, colourless throughout; epithecium and hymenium violet-red, I+ blue, N+ red; hymenium almost completely reddish-violet; paraphyses simple to sparingly branched c. 3 µm thick, not widened at apex; hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, clavate to cylindrical-clavate, the apical dome K/I+ dark blue with a pale, conical-pointed apical cushion (axial mass), the wall I-, but the thin outer gel I+ blue, Bacidia-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 10-14 x 7-8 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus and soredia K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P-, UV-; soredia N+ red. Chemistry: atranorin (major), protolichesterinic acid (minor), sometimes collatolic acid (traces).
Note: a mainly cool-temperate lichen found on steeply inclined surfaces of acidic siliceous rocks. Earlier records from Marche and Sicily reported by Nimis (1993: 683), being dubious, are not accepted here.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (15507)
2001/12/27



Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37074



P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (38934)
2008.03.06


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_T/Tephromela_grumosa.htm
France, session AFL Luberon 2009 - Vaucluse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_T/Tephromela_grumosa.htm
France, session AFL Luberon 2009 - Vaucluse


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=445&lang=en
France, Commana
fertile


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=445&lang=en
France, Commana
fertile


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=445&lang=en
France, Commana
fertile


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=445&lang=en
France, Commana
fertile


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=445&lang=en
France, Roc'h Trédudon


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=445&lang=en
France, Roc'h Trédudon


Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=445&lang=en
France, Roc'h Trédudon


Source: Westberg M, Timdal E, Asplund J, Bendiksby M, Haugan R, Jonsson F, Larsson P, Odelvik G, Wedin M, Millanes AM (2015) New records of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi in Scandinavia. MycoKeys 11: 33-61. - CC BY-4.0
NORWAY. Oppland: Lom municipality, Runningsgrende, Klypa. 61°43.41'N, 8°15.67'E, alt. 730 m. 28 June 2013, Bendiksby et al. 12357 (O L-190787); TLC: atranorin, lichesterinic acid.
Scale: 5 mm