Umbilicaria polyrrhiza (L.) Fr.

Sched. Crit. Lich. Suec. Exs., 5-6: 3, 1825. Basionym: Lichen polyrrhizos L. - Sp. Pl., 2: 1151, 1753.
Synonyms: Actinogyra polyrrhiza (L.) Schol.; Gyrophora pellita (Ach.) Ach.; Gyrophora polyrrhiza (L.) Körb.; Umbilicaria pellita (Ach.) Ach.
Distribution: N - Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004), VA (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999), Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020). C - Umb (Ravera & al. 2006), Sar (Tretiach 1993, Nöske 2000). S - Cal (Tretiach 1993, Puntillo 1996).
Description: Thallus foliose-umbilicate, heteromerous, dorsiventral, monophyllous or more rarely polyphyllous, with undulating margins, attached by a central holdfast, 2-5(-10) cm wide, to c. 0.3 mm thick. Upper surface coppery brown, smooth and glossy, with abundant, erect, marginal rhizinomorphs; lower surface black, warted, distinctly areolate and sometimes trabeculate near the central holdfast, with dense black, simple or often branched rhizinomorphs; thalloconidia dark brown, formed on the tips of marginal rhizinomorphs, rarely on the lower cortex, multiseptate (100-400-celled), more or less isodiametrical or irregular in shape, c 19-21 µm wide. Upper cortex 3-6 µm thick; medulla white, 60-70 µm thick; lower cortex 20-50 µm thick. Apothecia very rare, black, actinodisc, 2-3 mm across, sessile, with a convex disc and a thick, carbonaceous, finally excluded proper margin. Epithecium brown-black; hymenium colourless; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched, 2-2.5 μm thick, the terminal cells hardly swollen; hypothecium brown or blackish. Asci 8-spored, elongate-clavate, thick-walled, the apical dome K/I+ blue, Umbilicaria-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid to ovoid, 8-9 x 3.5-6 μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: cortex K-, C-, KC-, P-; medulla K-, C+ and KC+ red, P-. Chemistry: medulla with gyrophoric and umbilicaric acids.
Note: on steeply inclined surfaces of siliceous rocks wetted by rain in humid-rainy areas, with optimum near and above treeline. Earlier records from Marche, Latium and Sicily (see Nimis 1993: 719), being dubious, are not accepted here.
Growth form: Foliose, umbilicate
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by conidia and thalloconidia

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: rather rare
Subalpine belt: rare
Oromediterranean belt: very rare
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Humid mediterranean belt: absent
Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF

Nere Sorrentino
Galicia



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (11051)
2003/03/17



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (11051)
2003/03/17
apothecium



P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (11039)
2003/03/17
detail of lower surface


Nere Sorrentino


Nere Sorrentino


Nere Sorrentino


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Umbilicaria_polyrrhiza.htm
France, 21/11/2012 - Monte-Stello - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Umbilicaria_polyrrhiza.htm
France, 21/11/2012 - Monte-Stello - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Umbilicaria_polyrrhiza.htm
France, 21/11/2012 - Monte-Stello - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Umbilicaria_polyrrhiza.htm
France, 21/11/2012 - Monte-Stello - Corse


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Umbilicaria_polyrrhiza.htm
France, 21/11/2012 - Monte-Stello - Corse


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
Sweden, Vaestervik


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
France, Menez-Meur


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
France, Menez-Meur


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
France, Menez-Meur


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
France, Menez-Meur


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
Sweden, Vaestervik


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
Sweden, Vaestervik


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
France, Hanvec


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
France, Hanvec


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=614&lang=en
France, Hanvec
lower surface


Ulrich Kirschbaum
Sweden: Värmland.



Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[VZ2313], Italia. Calabria, Sila Grande: Timpone Grillo, 1450 m. Ad saxa granitica. Leg. D. Puntillo, 11.1988. EX A. V ZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2313.



Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[VZ2313], Italia. Calabria, Sila Grande: Timpone Grillo, 1450 m. Ad saxa granitica. Leg. D. Puntillo, 11.1988. EX A. V ZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2313.



Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[1543], Schweden, Kirchspie Barnarp Smaland, Kulmflächen in Hochmoor. Leg. Hasselrot, 1926, Dupl ex Herbario Ed. Frey ( Nr. 6617).



Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[1543], Schweden, Kirchspie Barnarp Smaland, Kulmflächen in Hochmoor. Leg. Hasselrot, 1926, Dupl ex Herbario Ed. Frey ( Nr. 6617).



Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[1543], Schweden, Kirchspie Barnarp Smaland, Kulmflächen in Hochmoor. Leg. Hasselrot, 1926, Dupl ex Herbario Ed. Frey ( Nr. 6617).



Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[1543], Schweden, Kirchspie Barnarp Smaland, Kulmflächen in Hochmoor. Leg. Hasselrot, 1926, Dupl ex Herbario Ed. Frey ( Nr. 6617).



Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[2058], Finnland, Nylandia, Helsinge, Västersundom, N-of Svartabacken; forest rock N-of main road. Leg. Pentti Alanko 1970 (Nr. 14,810), 19.05.1970., det. P. Alanko. Ex Plantae Fennicae.



Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[2058], Finnland, Nylandia, Helsinge, Västersundom, N-of Svartabacken; forest rock N-of main road. Leg. Pentti Alanko 1970 (Nr. 14,810), 19.05.1970., det. P. Alanko. Ex Plantae Fennicae.


Triin Aimla; Owner: University of Tartu


Frey E. 1933. Cladoniaceae (unter Ausschluß ded Gattung Cladonia) und Umbilicariaceae. In: Rabenhrst’s Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. 15: 1-208.