ITALIC 7.0

Candelariella antennaria Räsänen

Anal. Soc. Cient. Argent., 128, 3: 137, 1939.

Synonyms:

Distribution: N- Frl (TSB 1564),

Description: Thallus crustose, whitish to grey, indistinct or somewhat granular, sometimes occurring only around the apothecia. Granules (when present) 0.1-0.2 mm in diam., sometimes developing into 0.2-0.5 mm wide, irregularly shaped, adpressed and flattened, scattered or coalescing areoles. Apothecia lecanorine, yellow, adnate to slightly constricted at base, 0.2-0.7 mm across, with a rounded to angular, flat to slightly convex, ochre-yellow to yellow disc, and a paler yellow (often greyish in outer side), persistent, smooth, entire to slightly incised, 0.025-0.05 mm thick proper margin. Amphithecium with a 4-18 μm thick, indistinct cortex of 1-2(-3) cell layers, of thin-walled, isodiametric cells, covered with a layer of yellowish-brown, angular crystals; proper margin prosoplenchymatous, of branched, radiating hyphae, 27-40 μm wide in uppermost part, with rectangular cells, not forming a stipe penetrating into the algal layer; epithecium yellow-brown, with angular crystals; hymenium colourless, inspersed with oil droplets, 50-70 μm high, I+ blue; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched, 1.5-2 μm thick at mid-level, the apical cells 3–6 μm wide; hypothecium colourless, with oil droplets, 20-50 μm high. Asci 8–spored, clavate to broadly clavate, with an apical dome which is I+ blue only in the internal, lower part, interrupted in the centre by a a paler blue strip, Candelaria-type. Ascospores 1-celled (rarely a few 1-septate), hyaline, straight to slightly curved, oblong to narrowly ellipsoid (11-)12-17(-20) x 4–6(-7) μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid, the cells 5-20 μm in diam. Spot tests: thallus K-, C-, KC-, P-. Chemistry: pulvinic acid derivatives.

Note: A species growing on bark, mostly of isolated trees (e.g. along waysides), easily confused with epiphytic samples of C. aurella; probably more widespread in Italy.

Growth form: Crustose

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: absent

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: absent

Submediterranean belt: very rare

Padanian area: extremely rare

Humid submediterranean belt: very rare

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

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5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

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5

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Aridity:

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5

(info)

Eutrophication:

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(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

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3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

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6

(info)

Predictive model