Calicium viride Pers.

Calicium viride Pers.

Ann. Bot. (Usteri), 7: 20, 1794.

Synonyms: Calicium baliolum Ach.; Calicium hyperellum (Ach.) Ach.; Calicium lygodes (Ach.) Ach.; Calicium peltatum Ach.; Calicium proboscidale Ach.; Calicium trachelinum var. epiphloeum Ach.

Distribution: N - Frl (Stofer 2006, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Ven (Nascimbene & Caniglia 2002c, Nascimbene & al. 2006e, 2008c, 2013b, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Nascimbene 2011), TAA (Caniglia & al. 2002, Gottardini & al. 2004, Nascimbene 2005b, 2006b, 2006c, Stofer 2006, 2008b, 2013, 2014, Nascimbene & al. 2006e, 2007b, 2008c, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2022, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Watson 2014, Nimis & al. 2015, Trindade & al. 2021), Lomb (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Emil (Benesperi 2009, Fariselli & al. 2020). C - Tosc (Loppi & Putortì 1995b, Loppi & al. 1997b, Putortì & al. 1999, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Laz (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Sar (Zedda 1995, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009, Rizzi & al. 2011, Di Nuzzo & al. 2022). S - Camp (Aprile & al. 2003b), Pugl (Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Bas (Potenza 2006, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009), Cal (Puntillo 1994, 1996, Puntillo & Puntillo 2009).

Description: Thallus crustose, well-developed, episubstratic, granular to minutely verrucose, bright green, rarely endosubstratic and poorly visible. Apothecia stalked, pin-like, black or sometimes with a brown pruina on the lower side of the capitulum. Stalk black, epruinose or brown-pruinose in uppermost part, (0.6-)1-2.2 mm high, the central part of sclerotized, dark, irregularly interwoven to periclinally arranged hyphae, the outer part slightly paler and often with a translucent, non-amyloid, gelatinous coat. Capitulum lenticular, 0.4-0.7 mm across, with a well-developed, cup-shaped exciple of anticlinally arranged cells; mazaedium well developed, black; hypothecium blackish brown, with a convex upper surface. Asci clavate, formed singly, dissolving early, with biseriately arranged ascospores. Ascospores 1-septate, usually restricted at septum, dark brown, ellipsoid. 11-15 x 6-7 µm, with a thick, ornamented wall, the ornamentation first of spirally arranged ridges, later irregularly cracked-areolate. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K-, C-, KC-, P-; brown pruina K+ red (needle-like crystals); ascomata I- in all parts. Chemistry: thallus with rhizocarpic acid and epanorin.

Note: a holarctic, temperate to boreal-montane lichen found on Abies and Picea, but also on the rough bark of old oaks in humid areas; ranging throughout the Alps, rarer in the Apennines.

Growth form: Crustose

Substrata: bark

Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia

Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

In underhangs rarely wetted by rain

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent

Subalpine belt: very rare

Oromediterranean belt: absent

Montane belt: rare

Submediterranean belt: extremely rare

Padanian area: absent

Humid submediterranean belt: very rare

Humid mediterranean belt: absent

Dry mediterranean belt: absent

pH of the substrata:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Solar irradiation:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Aridity:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Eutrophication:

1

2

3

4

5

(info)

Poleotolerance:

0

1

2

3

(info)

Altitudinal distribution:

1

2

3

4

5

6

(info)

Predictive model

Herbarium samples

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder

Central Europe: Germany. (Coll/ident: Eichler/Cezanne).

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (29267)
2001/12/09

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (29267)
2001/12/09

Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu

E. Pittao; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (20749)
2008.03.10

E. Pittao; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (20749)
2008.03.10

E. Pittao; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (20749)
2008.03.10

E. Pittao; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (20749)
2008.03.10

E. Pittao; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (20749)
2008.03.10

E. Pittao; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (20749)
2008.03.10

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/

Courtesy: Anita Stridvall

Zahlbruckner A. 1926. Lichenes (Flechten). In: Engler A. (ed.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed., vol 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp.

Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0

TSB 43698

Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C3/Calicium_viride.htm

France, session AFL 2013 dans le Forez - Puy-de-Dôme

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=453&lang=en

France, Plogonnec

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=453&lang=en

France, Plogonnec

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=453&lang=en

France, Cast

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=453&lang=en

France, Cast

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=453&lang=en

France, Cast

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=453&lang=en

France, Cast

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=453&lang=en

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=453&lang=en

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=453&lang=en

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=453&lang=en

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=453&lang=en

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=453&lang=en

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=453&lang=en

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=453&lang=en

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=453&lang=en

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=453&lang=en

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=453&lang=en

E. Pittao; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste

Herbarium: TSB (20749)
2008.03.10

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