Enchylium polycarpon (Hoffm.) Otálora, P.M. Jørg. & Wedin subsp. polycarpon

Fungal Divers., 64, 1: 286, 2013. Basionym: Collema polycarpon Hoffm. - Deutschl. Fl.: 102, 1796.
Synonyms: Collema melaenum var. polycarpon (Hoffm.) Nyl.; Collema multifidum var. polycarpon (Hoffm.) Rabenh.; Collema orbiculare (Schaer.) Tonglet; Collema stygium auct.; Collema stygium var. orbiculare (Schaer.) Rabenh.; Collemodium polycarpoides Nyl.; Lathagrium orbiculare (Schaer.) Arnold; Leptogium polycarpoides (Nyl.) Harm.; Parmelia stygia var. orbicularis Schaer.; Synechoblastus orbicularis (Schaer.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Synechoblastus polycarpus (Hoffm.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
Distribution: N - VG (Castello 2002, Martellos & Castello 2004), Frl (Tretiach & Molaro 2007), Ven (Nimis 1994, Caniglia & al. 1999, Nascimbene & Caniglia 2003c, Nascimbene 2005c, Thor & Nascimbene 2007, Nascimbene & Marini 2007), TAA (Nascimbene 2003, 2008b, Nascimbene & al. 2005, 2006, 2022, Spitale & Nascimbene 2012), Lomb, Piem (Morisi & Sereno 1995, Isocrono & al. 2004, Isocrono & Piervittori 2008), VA (Borlandelli & al. 1996, Piervittori & Isocrono 1997, 1999), Emil (Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Giordani & al. 2016). C - Tosc (Brackel 2015), Marc (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Umb (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Ravera & al. 2006), Laz, Abr (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Gheza & al. 2021), Mol (Garofalo & al. 1999, Caporale & al. 2008, Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Genovesi & Ravera 2014). S - Camp (Garofalo & al. 1999, Aprile & al. 2003b), Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999), Bas (Potenza 2006), Cal (Puntillo 1996), Si (Nimis & al. 1996b, Ottonello 1996, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, Caniglia & Grillo 2005, 2006, Gianguzzi & al. 2009).
Description: Thallus foliose, homoiomerous, gelatinous and 300-600 µm thick when wet, deeply lobed, forming 2-6(-10) cm wide rosettes. Lobes radiating, elongate, 1-2.5 mm wide, contiguous, adnate for most of their length, with small adventive, ascending or erect lobules along the margins towards the center, often slightly channelled towards apices, the tips much swollen and coarsely plicate. Upper surface dark olive-brown to black, dull, without isidia; lower surface usually somewhat paler with tufts of white hapters. Upper and lower cortex absent. Apothecia common, lecanorine, terminal and marginal, crowded towards thallus center, sessile to stipitate (often borne on the marginal lobules), 0.5-2(-3) mm across, with a flat to slightly convex, red-brown to (rarely) black disc, and a rather thin, smooth, more or less persistent thalline margin. Thalline exciple ecorticate; proper exciple rather thin, small-celled subparaplectenchymatous, with elongated cells; hymenium colourless, 65-110 µm high, I+ blue; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched in upper part, 2-3 µm thick at mid-level, the apical cells 4-6.5 µm wide; hypothecium yellowish or yellowish brown, I+ blue. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, the apex strongly thickened, the apical dome K/I+ pale blue, with a downwardly projecting K/I+ deep blue tubular structure. Ascospores (2-)3(-4)-septate, hyaline, fusiform with acute ends, (13-)18-28(-30) x (5-)6.5-8.5(-10) µm. Pycnidia laminal or marginal, immersed in warts, globose, paler than thallus. Conidia bacilliform, usually with swollen ends, straight or slightly curved, 5-7 x 1-1.5 µm. Photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc, the cells in long chains). Spot tests: all negative. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Note: a widespread holarctic species found on exposed, hard, calciferous rocks and dolomite. Several records from Southern Italy could refer to subsp. corcyrense.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema)
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: very rare
Subalpine belt: rare
Oromediterranean belt: rare
Montane belt: rather common
Submediterranean belt: common
Padanian area: very rare
Humid submediterranean belt: very common
Humid mediterranean belt: common
Dry mediterranean belt: rather common

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples

Leif Stridvall http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Conconello
14/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Conconello
14/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
20/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
20/02/2017



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
20/02/2017



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.



Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern



Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern



Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010



Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Degelius G. 1954. The lichen genus Collema in Europe: Morphology, Taxonomy, Ecology. Symbolae Bot. Upsal. 13, 2: 1-499.


Zahlbruckner A. 1926. Lichenes (Flechten). In: Engler A. (ed.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed., vol 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp.



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 5746



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 31846


Degelius G. 1954. The lichen genus Collema in Europe: Morphology, Taxonomy, Ecology. Symbolae Bot. Upsal. 13, 2: 1-499.


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Austria: Alps


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Austria: Alps