Study area of the project. The core area (dark orange) is wider than the SOIUSA definition (black line, Marazzi 2005), include all the 9 UNESCO systems (purple) and it extends southward to the Prealps including the Little Dolomites as well, retracing the historical definition (dotted black line, Bosellini 1989).

Nowadays, the most common geographical definition for the Dolomite Region is provided by the Partition of the Alps and SOIUSA - Suddivisione Orografica Internazionale Unificata del Sistema Alpino (Section No. 18 in the former and No. 31 in the latter). In both systems, it is delimited by the same geographic boundaries: the Adige river, the Isarco river, the Rienza river, the Monte Croce di Comelico Pass, the Piave river, the Brenta river, and the Fersina river (Marazzi, 2005). In this way, other mountain groups characterized by dolomite rock are excluded, such as the Brenta Dolomites, the Friulian Dolomites, and the Little Dolomites.

In 2009, the Dolomites were included among the UNESCO World Heritage Sites, which comprises 9 mountain groups isolated from each other since only the massifs characterized by dolomite rock were included (among which the Brenta and Friulian Dolomites), leaving out the surrounding lands.

In this study, the selected area is significantly wider than the SOIUSA definition: it encompasses the territories surrounding the 9 UNESCO systems, thereby incorporating the Friulian and Brenta Dolomites, extending southward to the Venetian and Carnic Prealps, in order to include the Little Dolomites as well, retracing the historical definition.
In addition, a buffer zone has also been designated, extending north and east to the national borders, westward to the Eastern Alps boundary as defined by the SOIUSA classification, and southward across the Po Valley to the Province of Verona boundary.
The outstanding value of the Dolomites fo biodiversity conservation is corroborated by the occurence of several protected areas covering around 30% of their total surface. These areas include one National Park (Dolomiti Bellunesi) and several Regional Parks. Lichenological research is mainly focused in these areas, as in the case of the Paneveggio-Pale di San Martino Natural Park (Nascimbene et al., 2022), that are the most interesting for lichen diversity and often actively support scientific research.