Arthonia atra (Pers.) A. Schneid.
Guide Study Lich.: 131, 1898. Basionym: Opegrapha atra Pers. - Ann. Bot. (Usteri), 1: 30, 1794.
Synonyms: Opegrapha atra f. lignicola Harm.; Opegrapha atra f. platanoides Nyl.; Opegrapha atra var. cerasi (Chevall.) Arnold; Opegrapha atra var. denigrata (Ach.) Schaer.; Opegrapha atra var. hapalaea (Ach.) Nyl.; Opegrapha atra var. limitata Opiz; Opegrapha atra var. recta Bagl.; Opegrapha atra var. rimosa (DC.) Zahlbr.; Opegrapha atra var. stenocarpa (Ach.) Dufour; Opegrapha atra var. vulgaris Körb.; Opegrapha bullata auct. ital. p.max.p.; Opegrapha denigrata Ach.; Opegrapha fuliginosa Pers. ex Ach.; Opegrapha salicina A. Massal.; Opegrapha stenocarpa Ach.; Opegrapha stenocarpa var. abbreviata (Chevall.) Mann; Opegrapha taxicola Leight.
Description: Thallus crustose, thin, smooth, white to pale grey or more rarely ochraceous, forming small patches or mosaics, sometimes delimited by a grey prothalline line. Apothecia lirelliform, 0.3-2.2 x 0.1-0.2(-0.3) mm, black, epruinose, distinctly raised, usually numerous, simple or frequently branched, scattered or often contiguous, with a usually persistently slit-like, epruinose disc. Proper exciple black, carbonized, extending below the hymenium, 55-90 µm high, the inner edge K+ olive-green; epithecium brown or green-brown, K+ olive-green; hymenium colourless, I+ blue; paraphysoids septate and anastomosing, to 1 µm thick; subhymenium pale brown; hypothecium black, carbonized. Asci 8-spored, clavate-subglobose, semi-fissitunicate, 32-40 x 10-14 µm. Ascospores 3-septate, hyaline, ellipsoid to ovoid, 12-18(-20) x (2.5-)3-4(-5) µm, with a thin, often poorly evident gelatinous perispore. Pycnidia rare, immersed, flask-shaped, black. Conidia bacilliform, straight or slightly curved, 4-6 x 0.7-1 µm. Photobiont trentepohlioid. Spot tests: thallus K- or rarely K+ faintly yellow, KC-, C-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Montane belt: rather rare
Dry submediterranean belt: common
Humid submediterranean belt: very common
Padanian area: extremely rare
pH of the substrata:
1 2 3 4 5
Solar irradiation:
1 2 3 4 5
Aridity:
1 2 3 4 5
Eutrophication:
1 2 3 4 5
Poleotolerance:
0 1 2 3
Altitudinal distribution:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (25228)
2001/12/05
Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London
Domenico Puntillo; Owner: Domenico Puntillo
Italy
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[Thor-27717], Sweden, Öland, Ås parish, Ottenbylund nature reserve, the forest „Ottenby lund“, on old Quercus robur, 56.21851° N, 16.41555° E, 5m. Leg. G. Thor (no 27717), 17. May 2012
Unusual form
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[Thor-27717], Sweden, Öland, Ås parish, Ottenbylund nature reserve, the forest „Ottenby lund“, on old Quercus robur, 56.21851° N, 16.41555° E, 5m. Leg. G. Thor (no 27717), 17. May 2012
Unusual form
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[Thor-27717], Sweden, Öland, Ås parish, Ottenbylund nature reserve, the forest „Ottenby lund“, on old Quercus robur, 56.21851° N, 16.41555° E, 5m. Leg. G. Thor (no 27717), 17. May 2012
Unusual form
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[Thor-27717], Sweden, Öland, Ås parish, Ottenbylund nature reserve, the forest „Ottenby lund“, on old Quercus robur, 56.21851° N, 16.41555° E, 5m. Leg. G. Thor (no 27717), 17. May 2012
Unusual form
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[Thor-27717], Sweden, Öland, Ås parish, Ottenbylund nature reserve, the forest „Ottenby lund“, on old Quercus robur, 56.21851° N, 16.41555° E, 5m. Leg. G. Thor (no 27717), 17. May 2012
Unusual form
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[Thor-27717], Sweden, Öland, Ås parish, Ottenbylund nature reserve, the forest „Ottenby lund“, on old Quercus robur, 56.21851° N, 16.41555° E, 5m. Leg. G. Thor (no 27717), 17. May 2012
Unusual form
Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife
Courtesy Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Arthonia_atra.htm
France, Combe Lavaux, Côte-d'Or
2/6/2016
Courtesy Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Arthonia_atra.htm
France, Combe Lavaux, Côte-d'Or
2/6/2016
Courtesy Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Arthonia_atra.htm
France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot, Autoire
Courtesy Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Arthonia_atra.htm
France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot, Autoire
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=578&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=578&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=578&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=578&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=578&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=578&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=578&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=578&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=578&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Marta Gonzalez Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta Gonzalez Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta Gonzalez Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta Gonzalez Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta Gonzalez Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, in op. Tregnago
as Opegrapha atra
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, in Ur. Patavina
Opegrapha atra α denigrata Schaer! (Opeg. stenocarpa α denigrata Ach.)
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Montane belt: rather rare
Dry submediterranean belt: common
Humid submediterranean belt: very common
Padanian area: extremely rare
pH of the substrata:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Solar irradiation:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Aridity:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Eutrophication:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Poleotolerance:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Altitudinal distribution:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (25228)
2001/12/05
Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London
Domenico Puntillo; Owner: Domenico Puntillo
Italy
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[Thor-27717], Sweden, Öland, Ås parish, Ottenbylund nature reserve, the forest „Ottenby lund“, on old Quercus robur, 56.21851° N, 16.41555° E, 5m. Leg. G. Thor (no 27717), 17. May 2012
Unusual form
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[Thor-27717], Sweden, Öland, Ås parish, Ottenbylund nature reserve, the forest „Ottenby lund“, on old Quercus robur, 56.21851° N, 16.41555° E, 5m. Leg. G. Thor (no 27717), 17. May 2012
Unusual form
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[Thor-27717], Sweden, Öland, Ås parish, Ottenbylund nature reserve, the forest „Ottenby lund“, on old Quercus robur, 56.21851° N, 16.41555° E, 5m. Leg. G. Thor (no 27717), 17. May 2012
Unusual form
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[Thor-27717], Sweden, Öland, Ås parish, Ottenbylund nature reserve, the forest „Ottenby lund“, on old Quercus robur, 56.21851° N, 16.41555° E, 5m. Leg. G. Thor (no 27717), 17. May 2012
Unusual form
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[Thor-27717], Sweden, Öland, Ås parish, Ottenbylund nature reserve, the forest „Ottenby lund“, on old Quercus robur, 56.21851° N, 16.41555° E, 5m. Leg. G. Thor (no 27717), 17. May 2012
Unusual form
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[Thor-27717], Sweden, Öland, Ås parish, Ottenbylund nature reserve, the forest „Ottenby lund“, on old Quercus robur, 56.21851° N, 16.41555° E, 5m. Leg. G. Thor (no 27717), 17. May 2012
Unusual form
Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife
Courtesy Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Arthonia_atra.htm
France, Combe Lavaux, Côte-d'Or
2/6/2016
Courtesy Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Arthonia_atra.htm
France, Combe Lavaux, Côte-d'Or
2/6/2016
Courtesy Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Arthonia_atra.htm
France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot, Autoire
Courtesy Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_A/Arthonia_atra.htm
France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot, Autoire
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=578&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=578&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=578&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=578&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=578&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=578&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=578&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=578&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=578&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Marta Gonzalez Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta Gonzalez Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta Gonzalez Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta Gonzalez Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta Gonzalez Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, in op. Tregnago
as Opegrapha atra
