Melanohalea exasperata (De Not.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch
Mycol. Res., 108: 882, 2004. Basionym: Parmelia exasperata De Not. - Giorn. Bot. Ital., 2: 193, 1847.
Synonyms: Imbricaria aspera (A. Massal.) Körb.; Imbricaria aspidota (Ach.) Rehm; Melanelia exasperata (De Not.) Essl.; Parmelia aspera A. Massal.; Parmelia aspidota (Ach.) Röhl.; Parmelia aspidota var. exasperata (De Not.) P. Syd.
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, tightly adpressed, forming 2-6 cm wide rosettes. Lobes 2-4(-6) mm wide, usually contiguous, pale to dark olive brown, dull to moderately shiny, especially at margins, sometimes white-pruinose at tips and margins, thin, rounded at tips, with numerous, more or less homogeneously scattered, conical, up to 0.1 mm wide, isidia-like papillae with a small central depression (actually raised pseudocyphellae!). Lower surface black, pale brown at margins, with simple rhizines. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, with a non-pored epicortex, the cell walls containing isolichenan; medulla white; lower cortex paraplectenchymatous. Apothecia almost always present, lecanorine, bowl-shaped, sessile, 2-6 mm across, with a brown disc and a thalline margin covered in numerous papillae. Epithecium brown; hymenium and hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, clavate, the K/I+ blue tholus penetrated by a faintly amyloid apical cushion with parallel or diverging flanks, the wall K/I-, surrounded by a K/I+ blue outer layer, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 8-12 x 5-7 µm. Pycnidia common, dark, immersed, laminal. Conidia slightly dumbbell-shaped, 7-8 x 1 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: cortex and medulla K-, C-, KC-, P-, N-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Pioneer species
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Montane belt: rather rare
Dry submediterranean belt: rather common
Humid submediterranean belt: common
Padanian area: extremely rare
pH of the substrata:
1 2 3 4 5
Solar irradiation:
1 2 3 4 5
Aridity:
1 2 3 4 5
Eutrophication:
1 2 3 4 5
Poleotolerance:
0 1 2 3
Altitudinal distribution:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB
2001/12/03
detail of upper surface with young apothecium and papillae
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (34326)
2001/12/27
apothecia
G. Incerti; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (32098)
2001/11/26
Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
Herbarium: TSB 9278
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[20355], Maroccanum Regnum, Atlas Centralis, 12 km ad meridiem et orientem versus ab Ifrane, ad ramos Crataegi sp. in agro. Annot.: Possible faint trace of an unidentified triterpene, no other compinds detected by TLC- A. Johnson and C.F. Culberson. Leg. W.L. Culberson (16158) et C.F. Culberson, 18.5.1972. A. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 1736.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[20355], Maroccanum Regnum, Atlas Centralis, 12 km ad meridiem et orientem versus ab Ifrane, ad ramos Crataegi sp. in agro. Annot.: Possible faint trace of an unidentified triterpene, no other compinds detected by TLC- A. Johnson and C.F. Culberson. Leg. W.L. Culberson (16158) et C.F. Culberson, 18.5.1972. A. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 1736.
Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_M/Melanohalea_exasperata.htm
France, sur écorce de feuillu - Excursion AFL 2005 - Lozère
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_M/Melanohalea_exasperata.htm
France, sur écorce de feuillu - Excursion AFL 2005 - Lozère
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_M/Melanohalea_exasperata.htm
France, sur écorce de feuillu - Excursion AFL 2005 - Lozère
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Drôme Remuzat
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Crozon
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Lac d'Estaing
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Spain, Ayacata-Gran Canaria
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Grafenwöhr
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Grafenwöhr
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Grüntensee
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Grüntensee
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Grüntensee
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, ad truncos Pr. Cerasi ubique
as Parmelia aspera
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, Ad truncos Pruni cerasi in opp. Bolca 1855
as Parmelia aspera
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Pioneer species
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Montane belt: rather rare
Dry submediterranean belt: rather common
Humid submediterranean belt: common
Padanian area: extremely rare
pH of the substrata:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Solar irradiation:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Aridity:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Eutrophication:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Poleotolerance:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Altitudinal distribution:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB
2001/12/03
detail of upper surface with young apothecium and papillae
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (34326)
2001/12/27
apothecia
G. Incerti; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (32098)
2001/11/26
Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
Herbarium: TSB 9278
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[5247], Spanien, Gran Canaria, Pinus canariensis - Erica arborea -Wald ca. 2 km östlich von La Culata; 27°58.518 N, 15°34.977 W, alt. 1700 m. Leg. F. Schumm & U. Schwarz, 25.12.1998, det. F. Schumm, 31.01.1999, conf. Elix 1999.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[20355], Maroccanum Regnum, Atlas Centralis, 12 km ad meridiem et orientem versus ab Ifrane, ad ramos Crataegi sp. in agro. Annot.: Possible faint trace of an unidentified triterpene, no other compinds detected by TLC- A. Johnson and C.F. Culberson. Leg. W.L. Culberson (16158) et C.F. Culberson, 18.5.1972. A. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 1736.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[20355], Maroccanum Regnum, Atlas Centralis, 12 km ad meridiem et orientem versus ab Ifrane, ad ramos Crataegi sp. in agro. Annot.: Possible faint trace of an unidentified triterpene, no other compinds detected by TLC- A. Johnson and C.F. Culberson. Leg. W.L. Culberson (16158) et C.F. Culberson, 18.5.1972. A. VEZDA: LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 1736.
Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_M/Melanohalea_exasperata.htm
France, sur écorce de feuillu - Excursion AFL 2005 - Lozère
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_M/Melanohalea_exasperata.htm
France, sur écorce de feuillu - Excursion AFL 2005 - Lozère
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_M/Melanohalea_exasperata.htm
France, sur écorce de feuillu - Excursion AFL 2005 - Lozère
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Drôme Remuzat
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Crozon
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Crozon
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=464&lang=en
France, Lac d'Estaing
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Spain, Ayacata-Gran Canaria
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Grafenwöhr
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Grafenwöhr
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Grüntensee
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Grüntensee
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Grüntensee
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, ad truncos Pr. Cerasi ubique
as Parmelia aspera
