Nephroma parile (Ach.) Ach.
Lichenogr. Univ.: 522, 1810. Basionym: Lichen parilis Ach. - Lichenogr. Suec. Prodr.: 164, 1799.
Synonyms: Nephroma laevigatum f. reagens (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr.; Nephroma laevigatum f. sorediatum Rabenh.; Nephroma reagens (B. de Lesd.) Gyeln.; Nephromium laevigatum var. parile (Ach.) Nyl.; Nephromium parile f. reagens B. de Lesd.
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous and dorsiventral, loosely adnate, fragmentary or forming 3-8(-12) cm wide rosettes. Lobes irregular, 3-8(-10) mm wide, elongate, thin, subrotund at apices, with entire or dissected, rarely ascending margins. Upper surface smooth to slightly foveolate, bluish grey to dark red-brown when dry, much darker when wet, epruinose, with brownish, irregular, marginal soralia which later expand over the surface, the soredia usually corticate; lower surface corticate, pale brown, tomentose, smooth to rugulose. Upper and lower cortex paraplectenchymatous; medulla white. Apothecia very rare, immersed on lower surface at tips of lobes, orbicular, up to 8 mm diam., with a light brown disc and a prominent margin with a usually sorediate thalloid rim. Asci 8-spored, fissitunicate, the thickened apex with a K/I+ blue ring, Peltigera-type. Ascospores subfusiform, 3-septate, pale brown, thick-walled, 17-20 x 5-7 µm. Pycnidia rare, marginal, immersed, punctiform. Conidia bacilliform, 4-5 x 1-2 µm. Photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc, the cells not in long chains). Spot tests: upper cortex K-, C-, KC-, P-; medulla K- or K+ pale yellow. Chemistry: upper cortex with an unknown brown pigment; medulla with the following hopane triterpenoids: T2 (15α-acetoxyhopan-22-ol; dolichorrhizin), T3 (hopane-6α,22-diol; zeorin), and T5 (hopane-15α,22-diol).
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Photobiont: cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema)
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: extremely rare
Subalpine belt: rare
Montane belt: extremely rare
Dry submediterranean belt: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
pH of the substrata:
1 2 3 4 5
Solar irradiation:
1 2 3 4 5
Aridity:
1 2 3 4 5
Eutrophication:
1 2 3 4 5
Poleotolerance:
0 1 2 3
Altitudinal distribution:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (9187)
2001/11/27
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (36991)
2008.02.28
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (36991)
2008.02.28
Arsen Gasparyan; Owner: Arsen Gasparyan CC-BY-SA-4.0
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Antonio Valero Risoto - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
lower surface
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
F; Jura: Near Foncine-Le Haut.
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Burgberg Oberallgäu
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Starzlachtal Oberallgäu
Triin Aimla; Owner: University of Tartu
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Photobiont: cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema)
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: extremely rare
Subalpine belt: rare
Montane belt: extremely rare
Dry submediterranean belt: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
pH of the substrata:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Solar irradiation:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Aridity:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Eutrophication:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Poleotolerance:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Altitudinal distribution:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (9187)
2001/11/27
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (36991)
2008.02.28
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (36991)
2008.02.28
Arsen Gasparyan; Owner: Arsen Gasparyan CC-BY-SA-4.0
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19195], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[19196], Norway, Eidford, 60.469° N, 7.066° E, 40 m, growing on shady deciduous tree. Leg. F. Schumm 21.06.2014. Chemistry: dolichorrhizin (= 15 -acetoxyhopane-22-ol), zeorin, hopane-15 ,22-diol by HPTLC, anal. F. Schumm
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_N/Nephroma_parile.htm
France, Haute-Savoie 2010
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
France, Le Faouet
Antonio Valero Risoto - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=373&lang=en
lower surface
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
F; Jura: Near Foncine-Le Haut.
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Burgberg Oberallgäu
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Starzlachtal Oberallgäu
