Parmelia sulcata Taylor

in Mackay, Fl. Hibern., 2: 145, 1836.
Synonyms: Parmelia saxatilis var. sulcata (Taylor) Linds.; Parmelia sulcata var. laevis Nyl.
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, rather loosely attached, usually forming 4-10(-20) cm wide, distinct rosettes. Lobes sublinear, contiguous to imbricate, elongate, flat, separate, 2-5 mm wide, with truncate apices. Upper surface grey, usually epruinose, rarely faintly white-pruinose in marginal parts, becoming cracked along prominent, elongated pseudocyphellae which give rise to granular soredia arranged in laminal, linear, non-excavated soralia. Lower surface black, with black, simple to furcate rhizines mixed with squarrose rhizines, the latter present also along the margins. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, of 2-6 layers of densely packed cells, with a usually non-pored epicortex, the cell walls with isolichenan; medulla white; algal layer continuous; lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, thinner than upper cortex. Apothecia rare, lecanorine, 2-8 mm across, with a brown disc and a usually sorediate thalline margin. Epithecium brownish; hymenium and hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, clavate, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 11-15 x 6-8 µm. Pycnidia immersed, black. Conidia bacilliform, 5-8 x 1 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: upper cortex K+ yellow (but often slowly turning orange-red due to medullary substances), C-, KC-, P- or P+ faintly yellow; medulla K+ yellow turning orange-red, C-, KC-, P+ orange, UV-. Chemistry: upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with salazinic acid (major) and consalazinic acid (minor).
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: rather common
Montane belt: extremely common
Dry submediterranean belt: very common
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely common
Padanian area: rather rare

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Rarity

absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
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Occurrence data
Predictive map
Model ImageCurrent prediction (1981-2010)
Model ImageFuture prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6
Model ImageFuture prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5
Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025

Saxifraga-Willem van Kruijsbergen – Source: http://www.freenatureimages.eu/plants/Lichenes,%20Korstmossen,%20Lichens/Cladonia%20borealis,%20Boreal%20cup%20lichen/


P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (27362)
2001/12/05
detail of pseudocyphellae


P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (27362)
2001/12/05


P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (27362)
2001/12/05
young soralia


Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu


P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (37015)
2008.02.28


P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (37015)
2008.02.28


P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (37015)
2008.02.28


Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009


Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Ampezzo Carnico, 600 m
09.09.2016


P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Passo del Pura, Ampezzo Carnico, 1400 m
09.09.2016


Einar Timdal - Source: http://nhm2.uio.no/lav/web/index.html - CC BY-NC


Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Conconello
14/02/2017


Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017


Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19104], New Zealand, South Island, Canterbury, 3 km east of Te Oka Peak, Banks Peninsula, 670 m, growing on volcanic rocks and debris in pasture. Leg. J.A. Elix (18971) & J. Johnston, 03.03.1985.


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19104], New Zealand, South Island, Canterbury, 3 km east of Te Oka Peak, Banks Peninsula, 670 m, growing on volcanic rocks and debris in pasture. Leg. J.A. Elix (18971) & J. Johnston, 03.03.1985.


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19104], New Zealand, South Island, Canterbury, 3 km east of Te Oka Peak, Banks Peninsula, 670 m, growing on volcanic rocks and debris in pasture. Leg. J.A. Elix (18971) & J. Johnston, 03.03.1985.


Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.
at: atranorin, sa: salazinic acid, cs: consalazinic acid, a,b: ?


Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.


Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.


Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.


Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14931], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an div. Laubbäumen in der Nähe der Sportanlagen von Uhingen, TK: 7223. Leg. et det. F. Schumm, 03.06.2006.


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Galicia


Saxifraga-Willem van Kruijsbergen – Source: http://www.freenatureimages.eu/plants/Lichenes,%20Korstmossen,%20Lichens/Cladonia%20borealis,%20Boreal%20cup%20lichen/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Lesteven
corticolous


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Lesteven
corticolous


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
corticolous


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Jura
corticolous


Michel David- Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Crozon
corticolous


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
corticolous


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
corticolous


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Vercors
corticolous


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Pont l'Evêque
corticolous


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Vercors
corticolous


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=873&lang=en
France, Camaret
saxicolous


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=873&lang=en
France, Camaret
saxicolous


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=872&lang=en
France, Hanvec
on wood


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=872&lang=en
France, Hanvec
on wood


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=872&lang=en
France, Hanvec
on wood


Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=872&lang=en
France, Hanvec
on wood


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Vercors
corticolous


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=360&lang=en
France, Vercors
corticolous


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Salcedo (Quirós-Asturias), 25-IV-2023, en madera de Quercus robur.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Salcedo (Quirós-Asturias), 25-IV-2023, en madera de Quercus robur.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Salcedo (Quirós-Asturias), 25-IV-2023, en madera de Quercus robur.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Salcedo (Quirós-Asturias), 25-IV-2023, en madera de Quercus robur.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Salcedo (Quirós-Asturias), 25-IV-2023, en madera de Quercus robur.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Salcedo (Quirós-Asturias), 25-IV-2023, en madera de Quercus robur.


Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Rodach


Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Rodach


Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Straubing


Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Hohenfels


Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Weidhaus


Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, in M. Alba
as Parmelia saxatilis