Parmotrema crinitum (Ach.) M. Choisy
Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 21: 175, 1952. Basionym: Parmelia crinita Ach. - Syn. Meth. Lich.: 196, 1814.
Synonyms: Parmelia ciliata (DC.) Nyl.; Parmelia excrescens (Arnold) Hav.; Parmelia excrescens var. pilosella (Hue) Lynge; Parmelia pilosella Hue; Parmelia proboscidea Taylor; Parmelia urceolata sensu Jatta
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, broad-lobed, loosely attached, 3-15(-25) cm diam. Lobes subirregular, slightly imbricate, flattened, 5-15(-20) mm wide, with broadly rounded apices, becoming crenate and dissected with age, often ascending, with usually abundant, black, up to 3 mm long marginal cilia. Upper surface grey with some blackened areas, smooth, faintly maculate, with simple to coralloid, often apically ciliate, laminal and marginal isidia. Lower surface black with a brown naked peripheral zone, centrally with simple, black rhizines. Upper cortex of tightly packed, anticlinally oriented hyphae, with a pored epicortex, the cell walls with lichenan intermediate between the Cetraria- and the Xanthoparmelia-types; medulla white; algal layer continuous; lower cortex prosoplectenchymatous, with rounded and thick-walled cells. Apothecia rare, lecanorine, substipitate, to 8 mm across, with a sparsely isidiate margin and a brown, imperforate disc. Epithecium brownish; hymenium and hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 21-31(-35) x 11-18 µm. Pycnidia rare, black, laminal, immersed. Conidia long-bacilliform to thread-like. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: upper cortex K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P- or P+ faintly yellow; medulla K+ yellow-orange, C-, KC- or KC+ yellow-orange, P+ orange, UV-. Chemistry: upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with stictic acid (major), constictic acid (minor), and menegazziaic acid (trace) plus other accessory substances.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by isidia, or isidia-like structures (e.g. schizidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Dry submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
pH of the substrata:
1 2 3 4 5
Solar irradiation:
1 2 3 4 5
Aridity:
1 2 3 4 5
Eutrophication:
1 2 3 4 5
Poleotolerance:
0 1 2 3
Altitudinal distribution:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Portugal: Madeira.
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (14729)
2001/11/28
detail of isidia and cilia
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (35081)
2002/05/22
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (14729)
2001/11/28
detail of isidia and marginal cilia
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (35081)
2008.03.06
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (35081)
2008.03.06
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (29259)
2008.03.06
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Bosco della Stua, Lago di Sauris, 1000m
09.09.2016
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19117], New Zealand, North Island, North Auckland, c. 0.5 km south of Kaiaua, west side of Firth of Thames, small stand of mangroves, on bark. Leg. J. Johnston (2257), 18.03.1985
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19117], New Zealand, North Island, North Auckland, c. 0.5 km south of Kaiaua, west side of Firth of Thames, small stand of mangroves, on bark. Leg. J. Johnston (2257), 18.03.1985
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19117], New Zealand, North Island, North Auckland, c. 0.5 km south of Kaiaua, west side of Firth of Thames, small stand of mangroves, on bark. Leg. J. Johnston (2257), 18.03.1985
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19117], New Zealand, North Island, North Auckland, c. 0.5 km south of Kaiaua, west side of Firth of Thames, small stand of mangroves, on bark. Leg. J. Johnston (2257), 18.03.1985,
at: atranorin, st: stictic acid
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (29259)
2008.03.06
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall
Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Anaga
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmotrema_crinitum.htm
France, 23/09/2015 - Fours - Nièvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=317&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=317&lang=en
France, Camaret
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=317&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=317&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=317&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=317&lang=en
France, Camaret
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=317&lang=en
France, Camaret
Antonio Valero Risoto - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=317&lang=en
Spain, La Coruña
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: hthttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1419&lang=en
France, Ile Vierge
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: hthttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1419&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: hthttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1419&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: hthttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1419&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: hthttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1419&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: hthttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1419&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: hthttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1419&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: hthttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1419&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: hthttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1419&lang=en
France, Porz Kreguen
saxicolous
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Portugal: Madeira.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL78043], Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bonito, outskirts, near tower
in disturbed cerrado forrest on tree bark. 21°07’44'' S, 56°30’41'' W,
475 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 78043), 9.11.2018, det. A. Aptroot, 2019. -
Isidia ciliate. cylindrical, simple and not sorediate, medulla K+ yellow,
P+ orange red; TLC: stictic acid present.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL78043], Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bonito, outskirts, near tower
in disturbed cerrado forrest on tree bark. 21°07’44'' S, 56°30’41'' W,
475 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 78043), 9.11.2018, det. A. Aptroot, 2019. -
Isidia ciliate. cylindrical, simple and not sorediate, medulla K+ yellow,
P+ orange red; TLC: stictic acid present.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL78043], Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bonito, outskirts, near tower
in disturbed cerrado forrest on tree bark. 21°07’44'' S, 56°30’41'' W,
475 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 78043), 9.11.2018, det. A. Aptroot, 2019. -
Isidia ciliate. cylindrical, simple and not sorediate, medulla K+ yellow,
P+ orange red; TLC: stictic acid present.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL50862], Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Pedra Talhada plot A2.3.
On tree bark in Atlantic rain forest. 9°15’ S, 36°25’35’’ W, 592 m. Leg.
M. Cáceres, A. Aptroot (no 50862) & J.G. Cavalcante, 24.07.2019. Det.
A. Aptroot,2019.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL50862], Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Pedra Talhada plot A2.3.
On tree bark in Atlantic rain forest. 9°15’ S, 36°25’35’’ W, 592 m. Leg.
M. Cáceres, A. Aptroot (no 50862) & J.G. Cavalcante, 24.07.2019. Det.
A. Aptroot,2019.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL50862], Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Pedra Talhada plot A2.3.
On tree bark in Atlantic rain forest. 9°15’ S, 36°25’35’’ W, 592 m. Leg.
M. Cáceres, A. Aptroot (no 50862) & J.G. Cavalcante, 24.07.2019. Det.
A. Aptroot,2019.
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Italy, Toscana, Pontremoli
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by isidia, or isidia-like structures (e.g. schizidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Dry submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
pH of the substrata:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Solar irradiation:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Aridity:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Eutrophication:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Poleotolerance:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Altitudinal distribution:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Portugal: Madeira.
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (14729)
2001/11/28
detail of isidia and cilia
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (35081)
2002/05/22
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (14729)
2001/11/28
detail of isidia and marginal cilia
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (35081)
2008.03.06
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (35081)
2008.03.06
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (29259)
2008.03.06
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Bosco della Stua, Lago di Sauris, 1000m
09.09.2016
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[10215], Spanien, Kanarische Inseln, La Gomera, zwischen Alto de Garajonay und dem Cruze de la Zarcita an der Höhenstraße beim Aussichtspunkt de Tajaque, 28°06.544’ N, 17°13.434’ W, 1310 m, in der nebelreichen Myrica-Erica-Zone. Leg. Schumm 16.04.2003
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19117], New Zealand, North Island, North Auckland, c. 0.5 km south of Kaiaua, west side of Firth of Thames, small stand of mangroves, on bark. Leg. J. Johnston (2257), 18.03.1985
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19117], New Zealand, North Island, North Auckland, c. 0.5 km south of Kaiaua, west side of Firth of Thames, small stand of mangroves, on bark. Leg. J. Johnston (2257), 18.03.1985
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19117], New Zealand, North Island, North Auckland, c. 0.5 km south of Kaiaua, west side of Firth of Thames, small stand of mangroves, on bark. Leg. J. Johnston (2257), 18.03.1985
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19117], New Zealand, North Island, North Auckland, c. 0.5 km south of Kaiaua, west side of Firth of Thames, small stand of mangroves, on bark. Leg. J. Johnston (2257), 18.03.1985,
at: atranorin, st: stictic acid
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (29259)
2008.03.06
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall
Nere Sorrentino
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Anaga
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmotrema_crinitum.htm
France, 23/09/2015 - Fours - Nièvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=317&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=317&lang=en
France, Camaret
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=317&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=317&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=317&lang=en
France, Roscanvel
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=317&lang=en
France, Camaret
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=317&lang=en
France, Camaret
Antonio Valero Risoto - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=317&lang=en
Spain, La Coruña
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: hthttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1419&lang=en
France, Ile Vierge
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: hthttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1419&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: hthttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1419&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: hthttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1419&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: hthttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1419&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: hthttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1419&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: hthttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1419&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: hthttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1419&lang=en
France, Pointe de Dinan
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: hthttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1419&lang=en
France, Porz Kreguen
saxicolous
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Portugal: Madeira.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL78043], Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bonito, outskirts, near tower in disturbed cerrado forrest on tree bark. 21°07’44'' S, 56°30’41'' W, 475 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 78043), 9.11.2018, det. A. Aptroot, 2019. - Isidia ciliate. cylindrical, simple and not sorediate, medulla K+ yellow, P+ orange red; TLC: stictic acid present.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL78043], Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bonito, outskirts, near tower in disturbed cerrado forrest on tree bark. 21°07’44'' S, 56°30’41'' W, 475 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 78043), 9.11.2018, det. A. Aptroot, 2019. - Isidia ciliate. cylindrical, simple and not sorediate, medulla K+ yellow, P+ orange red; TLC: stictic acid present.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL78043], Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bonito, outskirts, near tower in disturbed cerrado forrest on tree bark. 21°07’44'' S, 56°30’41'' W, 475 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 78043), 9.11.2018, det. A. Aptroot, 2019. - Isidia ciliate. cylindrical, simple and not sorediate, medulla K+ yellow, P+ orange red; TLC: stictic acid present.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL50862], Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Pedra Talhada plot A2.3. On tree bark in Atlantic rain forest. 9°15’ S, 36°25’35’’ W, 592 m. Leg. M. Cáceres, A. Aptroot (no 50862) & J.G. Cavalcante, 24.07.2019. Det. A. Aptroot,2019.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL50862], Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Pedra Talhada plot A2.3. On tree bark in Atlantic rain forest. 9°15’ S, 36°25’35’’ W, 592 m. Leg. M. Cáceres, A. Aptroot (no 50862) & J.G. Cavalcante, 24.07.2019. Det. A. Aptroot,2019.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL50862], Brazil, Alagoas, Quebrangulo, Pedra Talhada plot A2.3. On tree bark in Atlantic rain forest. 9°15’ S, 36°25’35’’ W, 592 m. Leg. M. Cáceres, A. Aptroot (no 50862) & J.G. Cavalcante, 24.07.2019. Det. A. Aptroot,2019.
