Parmotrema perlatum (Huds.) M. Choisy
Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 21: 174, 1952. Basionym: Lichen perlatus Huds. - Flora Anglica: 448, 1762.
Synonyms: Imbricaria perlata (Huds.) Körb.; Lichen chinensis auct.; Parmelia coniocarpa Laurer; Parmelia perlata (Huds.) Ach.; Parmelia perlata var. ciliata (DC.) Duby; Parmelia perlata var. munda Harm.; Parmelia perlata var. sorediata (Schaer.) Frey; Parmelia trichotera Hue; Parmotrema chinense auct.
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, broad-lobed, loosely adnate, 3-20 cm in diam., sorediate. Lobes flat to concave, usually ascending, 4-15 mm wide, with rounded apices, with up to 2 mm long, black marginal cilia (very short and barely visible in some samples). Upper surface grey, smooth, emaculate to faintly white-maculate, with marginal to submarginal, white, capitate soralia. Lower surface black, with a brown, erhizinate peripheral zone, centrally with scattered, simple, black rhizines. Upper cortex of tightly packed, anticlinally oriented hyphae, with a pored epicortex, the cell walls with lichenan intermediate between the Cetraria- and the Xanthoparmelia-types; medulla white; algal layer continuous; lower cortex prosoplectenchymatous, with rounded and thick-walled cells. Apothecia very rare, lecanorine, substipitate, to 7 mm across, with a brown, imperforate disc and a sorediate thalline margin. Epithecium brownish; hymenium and hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 21-30 x 13-18 µm. Pycnidia rare, black, immersed, submarginal. Conidia long-bacilliform to thread-like. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: upper cortex K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P- or P+ faintly yellow; medulla K+ yellow-orange, C-, KC-, P+ orange, UV-. Chemistry: upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with stictic acid (major), constictic acid (minor), norstictic, menegazziaic and cryptostictic acids (traces).
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Dry submediterranean belt: rather rare
Humid submediterranean belt: very common
Padanian area: extremely rare
pH of the substrata:
1 2 3 4 5
Solar irradiation:
1 2 3 4 5
Aridity:
1 2 3 4 5
Eutrophication:
1 2 3 4 5
Poleotolerance:
0 1 2 3
Altitudinal distribution:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (32182)
2001/12/03
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (20430)
2002/11/04
Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009
Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009
Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009
Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano
Italia, Monti Ausoni
2010
Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano
Italia, Monti Ausoni
2010
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Firenze, Chianti
2010
Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London
Pier Luigi Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
TSB Herbarium
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Ampezzo Carnico, 600 m
09.09.2016
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[12901], Spanien, Kanaren, La Palma (NW), an der LP-113 bei Topade La Botija an der Abzweigung Pista de Machin, Pinuswald mit viel Usnea, Peltigera, Cladonia; 28°47.033' N, 17°55.070' W, ca. 1350 m. Leg. F. Schumm 14.01.2007, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[12901], Spanien, Kanaren, La Palma (NW), an der LP-113 bei Topade La Botija an der Abzweigung Pista de Machin, Pinuswald mit viel Usnea, Peltigera, Cladonia; 28°47.033' N, 17°55.070' W, ca. 1350 m. Leg. F. Schumm 14.01.2007, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[12901], Spanien, Kanaren, La Palma (NW), an der LP-113 bei Topade La Botija an der Abzweigung Pista de Machin, Pinuswald mit viel Usnea, Peltigera, Cladonia; 28°47.033' N, 17°55.070' W, ca. 1350 m. Leg. F. Schumm 14.01.2007, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[12901], Spanien, Kanaren, La Palma (NW), an der LP-113 bei Topade La Botija an der Abzweigung Pista de Machin, Pinuswald mit viel Usnea, Peltigera, Cladonia; 28°47.033' N, 17°55.070' W, ca. 1350 m. Leg. F. Schumm 14.01.2007, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19121], New Zealand, North Island, South Auckland, adjacent to scenic reserve overlooking Lake Taupo, 1 km south of Wharewaka, c. 38°46' S, 176°56' E, 350-400 m, open pasture, on outcrop of volcanic rock. Leg. J. Johnston (2392), 20.03.1985.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19121], New Zealand, North Island, South Auckland, adjacent to scenic reserve overlooking Lake Taupo, 1 km south of Wharewaka, c. 38°46' S, 176°56' E, 350-400 m, open pasture, on outcrop of volcanic rock. Leg. J. Johnston (2392), 20.03.1985.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19121], New Zealand, North Island, South Auckland, adjacent to scenic reserve overlooking Lake Taupo, 1 km south of Wharewaka, c. 38°46' S, 176°56' E, 350-400 m, open pasture, on outcrop of volcanic rock. Leg. J. Johnston (2392), 20.03.1985.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19121], New Zealand, North Island, South Auckland, adjacent to scenic reserve overlooking Lake Taupo, 1 km south of Wharewaka, c. 38°46' S, 176°56' E, 350-400 m, open pasture, on outcrop of volcanic rock. Leg. J. Johnston (2392), 20.03.1985
at: atranorin, sti: stictic acid, m: menegazzaic acid, cs: constictic acid, cy: cryptostictic acid
Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmotrema_perlatum.htm
France, 27/04/2011 - Olmetto Muliccia - Corse
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmotrema_perlatum.htm
France, 27/04/2011 - Olmetto Muliccia - Corse
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmotrema_perlatum.htm
France, 27/04/2011 - Olmetto Muliccia - Corse
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmotrema_perlatum.htm
France, 27/04/2011 - Olmetto Muliccia - Corse
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Camaret
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Brest
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Arnaud Delhoume - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cher
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Quimper
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1232&lang=en
France, Brest
on wood
Hermine Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Le Relecq Kerhuon
on twigs
Hermine Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Le Relecq Kerhuon
on twigs
Hermine Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Le Relecq Kerhuon
on twigs
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Postolonnec
on twigs
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Postolonnec
on twigs
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Brest
on twigs
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Landevennec Abbaye
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Landevennec Abbaye
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Pointe de Treberon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Pointe de Treberon
saxicolous
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Jardín Botánico Atlántico de Gijón (Asturias), 13-I-2023, en corteza de Fraxinus excelsior.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Jardín Botánico Atlántico de Gijón (Asturias), 13-I-2023, en corteza de Fraxinus excelsior.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Jardín Botánico Atlántico de Gijón (Asturias), 13-I-2023, en corteza de Fraxinus excelsior.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Jardín Botánico Atlántico de Gijón (Asturias), 13-I-2023, en corteza de Fraxinus excelsior.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Jardín Botánico Atlántico de Gijón (Asturias), 13-I-2023, en corteza de Fraxinus excelsior.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Jardín Botánico Atlántico de Gijón (Asturias), 13-I-2023, en corteza de Fraxinus excelsior.
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Naidernachtal-Ammergebirge
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Naidernachtal-Ammergebirge
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Sulzheim
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Ad truncos Castanearum circa Pontebam 1855
as Parmelia perlata
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Ad truncos Castanearum circa Pontebam 1855
as Parmelia perlata
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, numquam in fructo apud nos. (L. in Euganeis (Rua)
as Parmelia perlata
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, numquam in fructo apud nos. (L. in Euganeis (Rua)
as Parmelia perlata
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Montane belt: very rare
Dry submediterranean belt: rather rare
Humid submediterranean belt: very common
Padanian area: extremely rare
pH of the substrata:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Solar irradiation:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Aridity:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Eutrophication:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Poleotolerance:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Altitudinal distribution:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (32182)
2001/12/03
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (20430)
2002/11/04
Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009
Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009
Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009
Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano
Italia, Monti Ausoni
2010
Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano
Italia, Monti Ausoni
2010
Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Firenze, Chianti
2010
Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London
Pier Luigi Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
TSB Herbarium
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Ampezzo Carnico, 600 m
09.09.2016
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Opicina, Viale alberato sulla strada per Monrupino
17/02/2017
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[12901], Spanien, Kanaren, La Palma (NW), an der LP-113 bei Topade La Botija an der Abzweigung Pista de Machin, Pinuswald mit viel Usnea, Peltigera, Cladonia; 28°47.033' N, 17°55.070' W, ca. 1350 m. Leg. F. Schumm 14.01.2007, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[12901], Spanien, Kanaren, La Palma (NW), an der LP-113 bei Topade La Botija an der Abzweigung Pista de Machin, Pinuswald mit viel Usnea, Peltigera, Cladonia; 28°47.033' N, 17°55.070' W, ca. 1350 m. Leg. F. Schumm 14.01.2007, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[12901], Spanien, Kanaren, La Palma (NW), an der LP-113 bei Topade La Botija an der Abzweigung Pista de Machin, Pinuswald mit viel Usnea, Peltigera, Cladonia; 28°47.033' N, 17°55.070' W, ca. 1350 m. Leg. F. Schumm 14.01.2007, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[12901], Spanien, Kanaren, La Palma (NW), an der LP-113 bei Topade La Botija an der Abzweigung Pista de Machin, Pinuswald mit viel Usnea, Peltigera, Cladonia; 28°47.033' N, 17°55.070' W, ca. 1350 m. Leg. F. Schumm 14.01.2007, det. Schumm 2007.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19121], New Zealand, North Island, South Auckland, adjacent to scenic reserve overlooking Lake Taupo, 1 km south of Wharewaka, c. 38°46' S, 176°56' E, 350-400 m, open pasture, on outcrop of volcanic rock. Leg. J. Johnston (2392), 20.03.1985.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19121], New Zealand, North Island, South Auckland, adjacent to scenic reserve overlooking Lake Taupo, 1 km south of Wharewaka, c. 38°46' S, 176°56' E, 350-400 m, open pasture, on outcrop of volcanic rock. Leg. J. Johnston (2392), 20.03.1985.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19121], New Zealand, North Island, South Auckland, adjacent to scenic reserve overlooking Lake Taupo, 1 km south of Wharewaka, c. 38°46' S, 176°56' E, 350-400 m, open pasture, on outcrop of volcanic rock. Leg. J. Johnston (2392), 20.03.1985.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19121], New Zealand, North Island, South Auckland, adjacent to scenic reserve overlooking Lake Taupo, 1 km south of Wharewaka, c. 38°46' S, 176°56' E, 350-400 m, open pasture, on outcrop of volcanic rock. Leg. J. Johnston (2392), 20.03.1985
at: atranorin, sti: stictic acid, m: menegazzaic acid, cs: constictic acid, cy: cryptostictic acid
Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmotrema_perlatum.htm
France, 27/04/2011 - Olmetto Muliccia - Corse
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmotrema_perlatum.htm
France, 27/04/2011 - Olmetto Muliccia - Corse
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmotrema_perlatum.htm
France, 27/04/2011 - Olmetto Muliccia - Corse
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_P/Parmotrema_perlatum.htm
France, 27/04/2011 - Olmetto Muliccia - Corse
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Camaret
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Brest
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cap de la Chèvre
Arnaud Delhoume - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Cher
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=156&lang=en
France, Quimper
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: hhttp://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1229&lang=en
France, Brest
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1232&lang=en
France, Brest
on wood
Hermine Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Le Relecq Kerhuon
on twigs
Hermine Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Le Relecq Kerhuon
on twigs
Hermine Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Le Relecq Kerhuon
on twigs
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Postolonnec
on twigs
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Postolonnec
on twigs
Alain Gerault - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1233&lang=en
France, Brest
on twigs
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Crozon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Landevennec Abbaye
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Landevennec Abbaye
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Pointe de Treberon
saxicolous
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1231&lang=en
France, Pointe de Treberon
saxicolous
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Jardín Botánico Atlántico de Gijón (Asturias), 13-I-2023, en corteza de Fraxinus excelsior.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Jardín Botánico Atlántico de Gijón (Asturias), 13-I-2023, en corteza de Fraxinus excelsior.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Jardín Botánico Atlántico de Gijón (Asturias), 13-I-2023, en corteza de Fraxinus excelsior.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Jardín Botánico Atlántico de Gijón (Asturias), 13-I-2023, en corteza de Fraxinus excelsior.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Jardín Botánico Atlántico de Gijón (Asturias), 13-I-2023, en corteza de Fraxinus excelsior.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Jardín Botánico Atlántico de Gijón (Asturias), 13-I-2023, en corteza de Fraxinus excelsior.
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Naidernachtal-Ammergebirge
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Naidernachtal-Ammergebirge
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Sulzheim
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Ad truncos Castanearum circa Pontebam 1855
as Parmelia perlata
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Ad truncos Castanearum circa Pontebam 1855
as Parmelia perlata
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, numquam in fructo apud nos. (L. in Euganeis (Rua)
as Parmelia perlata
