Placynthiella icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & P. James
Lichenologist, 16: 244, 1984. Basionym: Lecidea icmalea Ach. - K. Vetensk.-Akad. Nya Handl., 29: 267, 1808.
Synonyms: Biatora fuliginea (Ach.) Fr.; Biatora uliginosa var. fuliginea (Ach.) Fr.; Lecanora terricola Ach.; Lecidea fuliginea Ach.; Lecidea trachylina Nyl.; Lecidea uliginosa var. fuliginea (Ach.) Link; Lemmopsis suomiensis Räsänen; Pannularia perfurfurea Nyl.; Parmeliella perfurfurea (Nyl.) Zahlbr.; Saccomorpha icmalea (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux
Description: Thallus crustose-granulose, episubstratic, pale or dark brown to brown-black, more or less shiny, not becoming yellowish green when wet, spreading, continuous or more or less cracked, consisting of isidia-like, simple to (mostly) minutely coralloid, 25-150(-200) μm high, 25-50 μm thick goniocysts, resembling a brown, subisidiate crust. Apothecia biatorine, rare, 0.2-0.6 mm across, with a dark reddish brown to black (pinkish brown in shade-forms), flat to slightly convex disc, and a thin, persistent, generally paler proper margin. Proper exciple brown, pseudoparenchymatous; epithecium brown, C+ red; hymenium colourless or pale brown, 60-85(-100) μm high, I+ reddish brown; paraphyses strongly coherent, sparingly branched and anastomosing, the apical cells swollen and dark-capped; hypothecium brown. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, thin-walled, the apical dome mostly I-, Trapelia-type. Ascospores 0(-1)septate, hyaline, ellipsoid, 8-12 x 4-5 μm. Pycnidia subglobose, brown-black. Conidia bacilliform. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K-, C+ red, KC+ red, P- (reactions best seen in squash preparations). Chemistry: gyrophoric acid (major), variable amounts of 5-0-methylhiascinic acid, and sometimes traces of lecanoric acid.
Growth form: Crustose
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by isidia, or isidia-like structures (e.g. schizidia)
Pioneer species
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: rather rare
Subalpine belt: rather common
Montane belt: rather rare
Dry submediterranean belt: very rare
Humid submediterranean belt: very rare
Padanian area: extremely rare
pH of the substrata:
1 2 3 4 5
Solar irradiation:
1 2 3 4 5
Aridity:
1 2 3 4 5
Eutrophication:
1 2 3 4 5
Poleotolerance:
0 1 2 3
Altitudinal distribution:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Grafenwöhr
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (36796)
2008.02.28
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[12551], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, zwischen Wangen und Unterberken beim Parkplatz Rotkreuz, auf morschen Baumstümpfen, 470 m
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[12551], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, zwischen Wangen und Unterberken beim Parkplatz Rotkreuz, auf morschen Baumstümpfen, 470 m
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13632]
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13632]
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13632]
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14932], Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Wangen
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14932], Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Wangen
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14932], Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Wangen
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 36858
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[12551], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, zwischen Wangen und Unterberken beim Parkplatz Rotkreuz, auf morschen Baumstümpfen, 470 m
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 36858
Domenico Puntillo; Owner: Domenico Puntillo
Italy
P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 36858
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=508&lang=en
France, Huelgoat
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=508&lang=en
France, Huelgoat
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=508&lang=en
France, Huelgoat
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=508&lang=en
France, Rostellec
sur une épave en bois
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=508&lang=en
France, Rostellec
sur une épave en bois
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=508&lang=en
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=508&lang=en
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
on Cladonia coniocraea in an old heavy metal dump. Central Europe; Germany; NRW: Surroundings of Blankenrode. Coll. Hannes Öhm.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
on Cladonia coniocraea in an old heavy metal dump. Central Europe; Germany; NRW: Surroundings of Blankenrode. Coll. Hannes Öhm.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL78724], Brazil, Santa Catarina, Rio Negrinho, Rio Preto, Fazenda
Velha, on farm on wood. 26°17'57'' S, 49°37'24'' W, 800 m. Leg. A.
Aptroot (no 78724), 31 March 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019.- Thallus
grey to brown, isidiate, lacking soredia. Chemistry: gyrophoric acid,
lecanoric acid (trace), 5-O-methylhiascic acid (trace). Thallus UV-, C+
red.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL78724], Brazil, Santa Catarina, Rio Negrinho, Rio Preto, Fazenda
Velha, on farm on wood. 26°17'57'' S, 49°37'24'' W, 800 m. Leg. A.
Aptroot (no 78724), 31 March 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019.- Thallus
grey to brown, isidiate, lacking soredia. Chemistry: gyrophoric acid,
lecanoric acid (trace), 5-O-methylhiascic acid (trace). Thallus UV-, C+
red.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL78724], Brazil, Santa Catarina, Rio Negrinho, Rio Preto, Fazenda
Velha, on farm on wood. 26°17'57'' S, 49°37'24'' W, 800 m. Leg. A.
Aptroot (no 78724), 31 March 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019.- Thallus
grey to brown, isidiate, lacking soredia. Chemistry: gyrophoric acid,
lecanoric acid (trace), 5-O-methylhiascic acid (trace). Thallus UV-, C+
red.
Domenico Puntillo CC BY-SA 4.0
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Leinburg
Growth form: Crustose
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by isidia, or isidia-like structures (e.g. schizidia)
Pioneer species
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: rather rare
Subalpine belt: rather common
Montane belt: rather rare
Dry submediterranean belt: very rare
Humid submediterranean belt: very rare
Padanian area: extremely rare
pH of the substrata:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Solar irradiation:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Aridity:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Eutrophication:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Poleotolerance:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Altitudinal distribution:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Grafenwöhr
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (36796)
2008.02.28
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[12551], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, zwischen Wangen und Unterberken beim Parkplatz Rotkreuz, auf morschen Baumstümpfen, 470 m
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[12551], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, zwischen Wangen und Unterberken beim Parkplatz Rotkreuz, auf morschen Baumstümpfen, 470 m
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13632]
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13632]
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[13632]
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14932], Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Wangen
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14932], Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Wangen
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14932], Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, Wangen
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 36858
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[12551], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, zwischen Wangen und Unterberken beim Parkplatz Rotkreuz, auf morschen Baumstümpfen, 470 m
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 36858
Domenico Puntillo; Owner: Domenico Puntillo
Italy
P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 36858
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=508&lang=en
France, Huelgoat
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=508&lang=en
France, Huelgoat
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=508&lang=en
France, Huelgoat
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=508&lang=en
France, Rostellec
sur une épave en bois
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=508&lang=en
France, Rostellec
sur une épave en bois
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=508&lang=en
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=508&lang=en
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
on Cladonia coniocraea in an old heavy metal dump. Central Europe; Germany; NRW: Surroundings of Blankenrode. Coll. Hannes Öhm.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
on Cladonia coniocraea in an old heavy metal dump. Central Europe; Germany; NRW: Surroundings of Blankenrode. Coll. Hannes Öhm.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL78724], Brazil, Santa Catarina, Rio Negrinho, Rio Preto, Fazenda Velha, on farm on wood. 26°17'57'' S, 49°37'24'' W, 800 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 78724), 31 March 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019.- Thallus grey to brown, isidiate, lacking soredia. Chemistry: gyrophoric acid, lecanoric acid (trace), 5-O-methylhiascic acid (trace). Thallus UV-, C+ red.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL78724], Brazil, Santa Catarina, Rio Negrinho, Rio Preto, Fazenda Velha, on farm on wood. 26°17'57'' S, 49°37'24'' W, 800 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 78724), 31 March 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019.- Thallus grey to brown, isidiate, lacking soredia. Chemistry: gyrophoric acid, lecanoric acid (trace), 5-O-methylhiascic acid (trace). Thallus UV-, C+ red.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[ABL78724], Brazil, Santa Catarina, Rio Negrinho, Rio Preto, Fazenda Velha, on farm on wood. 26°17'57'' S, 49°37'24'' W, 800 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 78724), 31 March 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019.- Thallus grey to brown, isidiate, lacking soredia. Chemistry: gyrophoric acid, lecanoric acid (trace), 5-O-methylhiascic acid (trace). Thallus UV-, C+ red.
Domenico Puntillo CC BY-SA 4.0
