Squamarina cartilaginea (With.) P. James
in Hawksworth & al., Lichenologist 12: 107, 1980. Basionym: Lichen cartilagineus With. - Bot. Arrang. Brit. Plants, 2: 708, 1776.
Synonyms: Lecanora benacensis (A. Massal.) Jatta; Lecanora cartilaginea (With.) A.L. Sm.; Lecanora crassa (Huds.) Ach.; Lecanora crassa var. caespitosa (Vill.) Rabenh.; Parmelia dufourei Fr.; Placodium crassum (Huds.) Link; Psoroma benacense A. Massal.; Psoroma crassum (Huds.) Gray; Squamaria crassa (Huds.) DC.; Squamarina cartilaginea (With.) P. James f. cartilaginea; Squamarina cartilaginea (With.) P. James var. cartilaginea; Squamarina cartilaginea f. cartilaginea (With.) P. James; Squamarina cartilaginea f. iberica (Mattick) Clauzade & Cl. Roux; Squamarina crassa (Huds.) Poelt
Description: Thallus squamulose, 3-15 cm wide, 0.3-0.8 mm thick, the squamules imbricate, greenish when fresh, turning brownish in the herbarium, epruinose and indistinctly lobed except in young stages, the margins usually white, rarely blackening, the lower surface dark grey to black at least in central parts (pale in young squamules and in peripheral parts), attached by concolour rhizinoid hyphal strands. Upper cortex 20-50 µm thick, with an epinecral layer which is hyaline and without crystals in the upper 4-10 μm, and inspersed with crystals in the lower 8-15 µm; true cortex 15-35 µm thick, plectenchymatous, with elongated cells; medulla white (brownish in lower part), up to 0.6 mm thick, filled with crystals. Apothecia frequent, 0.6-3(-4) mm across, finally constricted at base, at first zeorine, then almost biatorine, with a yellowish white to medium brown, at first concave then flat to convex disc and a 0.1-0.25 mm thick, pale brown to whitish, finally excluded thalline margin, the proper margin thin and poorly evident, level with disc. Thalline exciple 230-370 μm wide, corticate; proper exciple 200-260 μm wide laterally, filled with crystals, of branched-anastomosing hyphae arranged in a fan-way; epithecium yellowish brown, granular, 6-10 µm high; hymenium colourless, 60-80 µm high, hemiamyloid; paraphyses coherent, mostly simple, 1-1.5 μm thick at mid-level, the apical cells 2-4 μm wide; hypothecium colourless, 35-100 μm high, subprosoplectenchymatous, with large crystals soluble in K and insoluble in N, I- (the subhymenium is thin and devoid of crystals). Asci 8-spored, elongate-clavate, with a thin, outer amyloid layer and a thickened, amyloid tholus devoid of an ocular chamber, penetrated by an axial tube the sides of which stain I+ deeper blue, approaching the Porpidia-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid to subfusiform, (8-)11-15(-17) x (3.5-)4-5.5(-7) µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K-, C-, KC- or KC+ faintly yellow, P-; medulla P+ yellow. Chemistry: cortex with usnic and isousnic acids; medulla with psoromic and 2ʹ-O-demethylpsoromic acids.
Growth form: Squamulose
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: extremely rare
Montane belt: rather common
Dry submediterranean belt: extremely common
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely common
Padanian area: very rare
pH of the substrata:
1 2 3 4 5
Solar irradiation:
1 2 3 4 5
Aridity:
1 2 3 4 5
Eutrophication:
1 2 3 4 5
Poleotolerance:
0 1 2 3
Altitudinal distribution:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Paolo Fontanesi; Owner: Paolo Fontanesi
Italy, Emilia-Romagna, Reggio Emilia, Sologno, nell'Appennino Reggiano.
Herbarium: Forum Natura Mediterraneo
2010
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017
S. Martellos; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (33367)
2003/03/04
Reaction P+ yellow
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: hhttps://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Squamarina_cartilaginea.htm
France, 15/09/2014 - Mont-Cenis, chemin Chapelle St Barthélémy, alt. 2025 m - Savoie
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: hhttps://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Squamarina_cartilaginea.htm
France, 15/09/2014 - Mont-Cenis, chemin Chapelle St Barthélémy, alt. 2025 m - Savoie
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: hhttps://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Squamarina_cartilaginea.htm
France, 15/09/2014 - Mont-Cenis, chemin Chapelle St Barthélémy, alt. 2025 m - Savoie
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: hhttps://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Squamarina_cartilaginea.htm
France, 15/09/2014 - Mont-Cenis, chemin Chapelle St Barthélémy, alt. 2025 m - Savoie
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: hhttps://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Squamarina_cartilaginea.htm
France, 15/09/2014 - Mont-Cenis, chemin Chapelle St Barthélémy, alt. 2025 m - Savoie
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: hhttps://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Squamarina_cartilaginea.htm
France, 15/09/2014 - Mont-Cenis, chemin Chapelle St Barthélémy, alt. 2025 m - Savoie
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: hhttps://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Squamarina_cartilaginea.htm
France, 15/09/2014 - Mont-Cenis, chemin Chapelle St Barthélémy, alt. 2025 m - Savoie
Bernard Bougginier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, Keremma
Bernard Bougginier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, La Palue
Bernard Bougginier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, La Palue
Bernard Bougginier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, Treflez
Micghel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, La Palue
Micghel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, La Palue
Micghel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, La Palue
Micghel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, La Palue
Micghel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, Camaret Pen-Hat
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, Crozon
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, Crozon
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Kleinziegenfelder Tal
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Kleinziegenfelder Tal
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Kleinziegenfelder Tal
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, in opp. [Torri] circa Benacum. 1855
as Psoroma benacense
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, in op. Garda
as Psoroma benacense
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, in opp. Tregnago 1855
as Psoroma crassa caespitosa
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Lombardia, in op. M. Oliveto
as Psoroma crassa
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, in M. Baldo
as Psoroma crassa v. caespitosa
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, in oppido Tregnago 1855
as Psoroma crassa
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, in oppido Tregnago 1855
as Psoroma crassa
Growth form: Squamulose
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: extremely rare
Montane belt: rather common
Dry submediterranean belt: extremely common
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely common
Padanian area: very rare
pH of the substrata:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Solar irradiation:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Aridity:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Eutrophication:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Poleotolerance:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Altitudinal distribution:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Paolo Fontanesi; Owner: Paolo Fontanesi
Italy, Emilia-Romagna, Reggio Emilia, Sologno, nell'Appennino Reggiano.
Herbarium: Forum Natura Mediterraneo
2010
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst near Borgo Grotta Gigante
16/02/2017
S. Martellos; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (33367)
2003/03/04
Reaction P+ yellow
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: hhttps://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Squamarina_cartilaginea.htm
France, 15/09/2014 - Mont-Cenis, chemin Chapelle St Barthélémy, alt. 2025 m - Savoie
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: hhttps://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Squamarina_cartilaginea.htm
France, 15/09/2014 - Mont-Cenis, chemin Chapelle St Barthélémy, alt. 2025 m - Savoie
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: hhttps://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Squamarina_cartilaginea.htm
France, 15/09/2014 - Mont-Cenis, chemin Chapelle St Barthélémy, alt. 2025 m - Savoie
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: hhttps://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Squamarina_cartilaginea.htm
France, 15/09/2014 - Mont-Cenis, chemin Chapelle St Barthélémy, alt. 2025 m - Savoie
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: hhttps://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Squamarina_cartilaginea.htm
France, 15/09/2014 - Mont-Cenis, chemin Chapelle St Barthélémy, alt. 2025 m - Savoie
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: hhttps://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Squamarina_cartilaginea.htm
France, 15/09/2014 - Mont-Cenis, chemin Chapelle St Barthélémy, alt. 2025 m - Savoie
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: hhttps://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_S/Squamarina_cartilaginea.htm
France, 15/09/2014 - Mont-Cenis, chemin Chapelle St Barthélémy, alt. 2025 m - Savoie
Bernard Bougginier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, Keremma
Bernard Bougginier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, La Palue
Bernard Bougginier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, La Palue
Bernard Bougginier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, Treflez
Micghel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, La Palue
Micghel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, La Palue
Micghel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, La Palue
Micghel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, La Palue
Micghel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, Camaret Pen-Hat
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, Crozon
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=176&lang=en
France, Crozon
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Kleinziegenfelder Tal
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Kleinziegenfelder Tal
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Kleinziegenfelder Tal
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, in opp. [Torri] circa Benacum. 1855
as Psoroma benacense
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, in op. Garda
as Psoroma benacense
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, in opp. Tregnago 1855
as Psoroma crassa caespitosa
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Lombardia, in op. M. Oliveto
as Psoroma crassa
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, in M. Baldo
as Psoroma crassa v. caespitosa
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, in oppido Tregnago 1855
as Psoroma crassa
