Umbilicaria polyphylla (L.) Baumg.
Fl. Lips.: 571, 1790. Basionym: Lichen polyphyllus L. - Sp. Pl., 2: 1150, 1753.
Synonyms: Gyrophora anthracina (Wulfen) Körb.; Gyrophora glabra (Ach.) Ach.; Gyrophora polyphylla (L.) Funck; Umbilicaria anthracina (Wulfen) Hoffm.; Umbilicaria glabra Ach.
Description: Thallus foliose-umbilicate, heteromerous, dorsiventral, attached by a central holdfast, polyphyllous and cushion-forming, rarely monophyllous, 2-4(-10) cm wide, 0.15-0.2(-0.3) mm thick, fragile when dry, irregular in outline, with lacerate, undulate, entire or deeply dissected margins, the edges strongly up-turned, the umbo slightly folded. Upper surface dark brown to almost black, rarely grey-brown, slightly glossy at least in marginal parts, smooth or with poorly evident reticulate wrinkles. Lower surface smooth, even, sooty black, sometimes brown around the umbilicus, without rhizohyphae; thalloconidia usually 6-10-celled, spherical to ellipsoid, smooth, brown to dark brown, 9-28 x 9-24 µm, completely covering the lower surface, except for a brown area around the umbilicus. Upper cortex palisade-plectenchymatous, 10-20 µm thick; medulla white, loose, with air spaces, 50-100 µm thick; lower cortex scleroplectenchymatous, 10-20 µm thick. Apothecia very rare, black, gyrodisc, 0.5-2(-4) mm across. Epithecium brown; hymenium colourless, 60-70 µm high; paraphyses branched, 1.7-2 µm thick at mid-level, the apical cells more or less swollen; hypothecium dark brown to black. Asci 8-spored, clavate, thick-walled, with an amyloid apical dome, Umbilicaria-type. Ascospores 1-celled hyaline, ellipsoid, 12-19 x 4-8 µm. Pycnidia mainly marginal on upper surface, immersed, globose, with a dark brown ostiole. Conidia bacilliform, 4-5.5 x c. 0.6 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: cortex K-, C-, KC-, P-; medulla K-, C+ red, KC+ red, P-. Chemistry: medulla with gyrophoric and umbilicaric acids (major), and lecanoric acid (minor).
Growth form: Foliose, umbilicate
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: rare
Subalpine belt: rather rare
Montane belt: extremely rare
Dry submediterranean belt: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
pH of the substrata:
1 2 3 4 5
Solar irradiation:
1 2 3 4 5
Aridity:
1 2 3 4 5
Eutrophication:
1 2 3 4 5
Poleotolerance:
0 1 2 3
Altitudinal distribution:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
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Occurrence data
Predictive map
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[1544], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwarzwald, Freudenstadt,
Silikatgestein. Leg. F. Schumm, 14.05.1967, det. J. Poelt.
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (32889)
2003/03/17
Caterina Azara; Owner: Caterina Azara
Italy, Sardegna, Oristano, Luogosanto
2010
Caterina Azara; Owner: Caterina Azara
Italy, Sardegna, Oristano, Luogosanto
2010
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=550&lang=en
Belgium, Monthermé
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=550&lang=en
Belgium, Monthermé
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=550&lang=en
France, Brasparts
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=550&lang=en
France, Brasparts
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=550&lang=en
France, Brasparts
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=550&lang=en
France, Brasparts
Marko Doboš
34330, Velika, Croatia
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[1544], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwarzwald, Freudenstadt,
Silikatgestein. Leg. F. Schumm, 14.05.1967, det. J. Poelt.
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[1944], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Südschwarzwald, Südseite des
Belchen an Granitfelsen, ca. 1300 m, sonnig. Leg. F. Schumm,
10.09.1971, det. F. Schumm, 1971.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[1944], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Südschwarzwald, Südseite des
Belchen an Granitfelsen, ca. 1300 m, sonnig. Leg. F. Schumm,
10.09.1971, det. F. Schumm, 1971.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[2057], Finnland, Nylandia, Kyrkslätt, Sarvik, Harabacka, on edge of a
forest rock S-of house Harabacka. Leg. Pentti Alanko (Nr. 14,783),
16.05.1970, det. P. Alanko. Ex Plantae Fennicae
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[2057], Finnland, Nylandia, Kyrkslätt, Sarvik, Harabacka, on edge of a
forest rock S-of house Harabacka. Leg. Pentti Alanko (Nr. 14,783),
16.05.1970, det. P. Alanko. Ex Plantae Fennicae
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Hirschstein
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Hochfels
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Lohberger Riegel
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Lohberger Riegel
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Lohberger Riegel
Triin Aimla; Owner: University of Tartu
Frey E. 1933. Cladoniaceae (unter Ausschluß ded Gattung Cladonia) und Umbilicariaceae. In: Rabenhrst’s Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. 15: 1-208.
Zahlbruckner A. 1926. Lichenes (Flechten). In: Engler A. (ed.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed., vol 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp.
Growth form: Foliose, umbilicate
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: rare
Subalpine belt: rather rare
Montane belt: extremely rare
Dry submediterranean belt: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent
pH of the substrata:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Solar irradiation:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Aridity:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Eutrophication:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Poleotolerance:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Altitudinal distribution:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[1544], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwarzwald, Freudenstadt, Silikatgestein. Leg. F. Schumm, 14.05.1967, det. J. Poelt.
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (32889)
2003/03/17
Caterina Azara; Owner: Caterina Azara
Italy, Sardegna, Oristano, Luogosanto
2010
Caterina Azara; Owner: Caterina Azara
Italy, Sardegna, Oristano, Luogosanto
2010
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=550&lang=en
Belgium, Monthermé
Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=550&lang=en
Belgium, Monthermé
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=550&lang=en
France, Brasparts
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=550&lang=en
France, Brasparts
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=550&lang=en
France, Brasparts
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=550&lang=en
France, Brasparts
Marko Doboš
34330, Velika, Croatia
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[1544], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schwarzwald, Freudenstadt, Silikatgestein. Leg. F. Schumm, 14.05.1967, det. J. Poelt.
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[1944], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Südschwarzwald, Südseite des Belchen an Granitfelsen, ca. 1300 m, sonnig. Leg. F. Schumm, 10.09.1971, det. F. Schumm, 1971.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[1944], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Südschwarzwald, Südseite des Belchen an Granitfelsen, ca. 1300 m, sonnig. Leg. F. Schumm, 10.09.1971, det. F. Schumm, 1971.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[2057], Finnland, Nylandia, Kyrkslätt, Sarvik, Harabacka, on edge of a forest rock S-of house Harabacka. Leg. Pentti Alanko (Nr. 14,783), 16.05.1970, det. P. Alanko. Ex Plantae Fennicae
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[2057], Finnland, Nylandia, Kyrkslätt, Sarvik, Harabacka, on edge of a forest rock S-of house Harabacka. Leg. Pentti Alanko (Nr. 14,783), 16.05.1970, det. P. Alanko. Ex Plantae Fennicae
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Hirschstein
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Hochfels
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Lohberger Riegel
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Lohberger Riegel
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Lohberger Riegel
Triin Aimla; Owner: University of Tartu
Frey E. 1933. Cladoniaceae (unter Ausschluß ded Gattung Cladonia) und Umbilicariaceae. In: Rabenhrst’s Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. 15: 1-208.
