Usnea perplexans Stirt.
Scottish Natur., 6: 103, 1881.
Synonyms: Usnea arnoldii Motyka; Usnea betulina Motyka; Usnea fulvoreagens auct. non (Räsänen) Räsänen; Usnea lapponica Vain.; Usnea laricina auct. p.p. non Vain. ex Räsänen
Description: Thallus fruticose-filamentous, greenish, shrubby to subpendulous, 4-10(-15) cm long, branching mainly anisotomic dichotomously with divergent branches. Main branches of more or less irregular shape (longitudinal section), often deformed and/or foveolate, sometimes irregularly swollen, the base pale or blackened; lateral branches not constricted at attachment point. Papillae usually numerous, especially on main branches, verrucose to cylindrical; fibrils irregularly distributed, < 3 mm long. Soralia large (> 50% of the branch diam.), becoming expanded and irregular or bracelet-like, deeply excavate, typically reaching the central axis and tearing off the adjacent cortex, without isidiomorphs. Cortex moderately thin (5-8% of total branch thickness), matt in longitudinal section; medulla loose to dense, white, moderately thick (21-30%); central axis white, moderately thin (28-43%); ratio axis/medulla 0.8-2.2. Apothecia not observed in Italian material. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: cortex K-, C-, KC-, P-; soralia and medulla K-, K+ yellow turning orange-red or K+ slowly yellowish, C-, KC-, P- or P+ orange-yellow or P+ deep orange. Chemistry: cortex with usnic acid; the most common chemotype contains (in the medulla) salazinic acid with variable amounts of accessory substances such as protocetraric, barbatic and caperatic acids (medulla K+ yellow turning orange-red, P+ orange-yellow), other chemotypes contain psoromic and 2’-O-demethylpsoromic acids (medulla K-, P+ deep orange), or no lichen substances (medulla K-, P-).
Growth form: Fruticose filamentous
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: rather rare
Montane belt: rare
Dry submediterranean belt: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
pH of the substrata:
1 2 3 4 5
Solar irradiation:
1 2 3 4 5
Aridity:
1 2 3 4 5
Eutrophication:
1 2 3 4 5
Poleotolerance:
0 1 2 3
Altitudinal distribution:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
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Occurrence data
Predictive map
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: University of Tartu
Estonia.
Herbarium: TU (32849)
2007/04/26
Irregular and expanded, occasionally also bracelet-like soralia of U. lapponica (notice torn cortex around the soralia)
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Usnea_perplexans.htm
France, 28/03/2016 - sur Quercus - Lot
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Usnea_perplexans.htm
France, 28/03/2016 - sur Quercus - Lot
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Usnea_perplexans.htm
France, 28/03/2016 - sur Quercus - Lot
Growth form: Fruticose filamentous
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: rather rare
Montane belt: rare
Dry submediterranean belt: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent
pH of the substrata:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Solar irradiation:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Aridity:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Eutrophication:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Poleotolerance:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Altitudinal distribution:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: University of Tartu
Estonia.
Herbarium: TU (32849)
2007/04/26
Irregular and expanded, occasionally also bracelet-like soralia of U. lapponica (notice torn cortex around the soralia)
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Tiiu Tõrra; Owner: Tiiu Tõrra - Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Usnea_perplexans.htm
France, 28/03/2016 - sur Quercus - Lot
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_U/Textes_U/Usnea_perplexans.htm
France, 28/03/2016 - sur Quercus - Lot
