Xanthoparmelia pulla (Ach.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch
Taxon, 53: 970, 2004. Basionym: Parmelia pulla Ach. - Syn. Meth. Lich.: 206, 1814.
Synonyms: Imbricaria dendritica auct. ital. p.p.; Neofuscelia pulla (Ach.) Essl.; Parmelia dendritica auct. ital. p.p.; Parmelia olivacea var. saxicola auct. ital.; Parmelia prolixa (Ach.) Röhl.; Parmelia subprolixa Nyl. ex Kremp.
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, adpressed to adnate, forming up to 15 cm wide, often coalescing rosettes. Lobes elongate, 1-3 mm wide, radiating toward margins, flat to convex, occasionally pruinose, weakly maculate at tips, the upper surface brown to dark brown, uneven and rugose, the lower surface black, with simple rhizines. Upper cortex brown, paraplectenchymatous, with a pored epicortex, the cell walls with Xanthoparmelia-type lichenan; medulla white; lower cortex paraplectenchymtous. Apothecia usually numerous, lecanorine, sessile to stipitate, to 6 mm across, with a brown disc and a smooth thalline margin. Epithecium brown; hymenium and hypothecium colourless; paraphyses simple; hypothecium colourless. Asci 8-spored, clavate, the K/I+ blue tholus penetrated by a faintly amyloid apical cushion with parallel or diverging flanks, the wall K/I-, surrounded by a K/I+ blue outer layer, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 8-11 x 4-7 µm. Pycnidia common, immersed. Conidia weakly dumbbell-shaped, 4.5-7 x c. 1 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: upper cortex K-, C-, KC-, P-, N+ blue-green; medulla K-, C- or C+ pink to red, KC+ pink to red, P-, UV-. Chemistry: medulla with stenosporic acid (major), oxostenosporic, divaricatic and perlatolic acids (minor), and numerous other accessory compounds.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: extremely rare
Subalpine belt: rare
Montane belt: common
Dry submediterranean belt: very common
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely common
Padanian area: rare
pH of the substrata:
1 2 3 4 5
Solar irradiation:
1 2 3 4 5
Aridity:
1 2 3 4 5
Eutrophication:
1 2 3 4 5
Poleotolerance:
0 1 2 3
Altitudinal distribution:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Pointe de Pen-Hir
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (14052)
2001/12/05
detail of apothecia
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (34629)
2002/01/22
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16015], Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Black Mountains Reserve. 35,276° S, 149,094° E, 760 m, growing on rocks. Leg. J.A. Elix, F. Schumm & E. Stocker-Wörgötter, 07.11.2009, det. J.A. Elix.
Stenosporic acid
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16015], Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Black Mountains Reserve. 35,276° S, 149,094° E, 760 m, growing on rocks. Leg. J.A. Elix, F. Schumm & E. Stocker-Wörgötter, 07.11.2009, det. J.A. Elix.
Stenosporic acid
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16015], Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Black Mountains Reserve. 35,276° S, 149,094° E, 760 m, growing on rocks. Leg. J.A. Elix, F. Schumm & E. Stocker-Wörgötter, 07.11.2009, det. J.A. Elix.
Stenosporic acid
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16015], Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Black Mountains Reserve. 35,276° S, 149,094° E, 760 m, growing on rocks. Leg. J.A. Elix, F. Schumm & E. Stocker-Wörgötter, 07.11.2009, det. J.A. Elix.
Stenosporic acid
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19085], Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Gudgenby River Gorge, 4.5 km south of Tharwa, 35°34' S, 149°04' E, 620 m, growing over mosses and on sheltered granite rocks along the river bank. Leg. J.A. Elix (10906), 10.04.1983. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. NO. 040.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19085], Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Gudgenby River Gorge, 4.5 km south of Tharwa, 35°34' S, 149°04' E, 620 m, growing over mosses and on sheltered granite rocks along the river bank. Leg. J.A. Elix (10906), 10.04.1983. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. NO. 040.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19085], Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Gudgenby River Gorge, 4.5 km south of Tharwa, 35°34' S, 149°04' E, 620 m, growing over mosses and on sheltered granite rocks along the river bank. Leg. J.A. Elix (10906), 10.04.1983. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. NO. 040.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19085], Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Gudgenby River Gorge, 4.5 km south of Tharwa, 35°34' S, 149°04' E, 620 m, growing over mosses and on sheltered granite rocks along the river bank. Leg. J.A. Elix (10906), 10.04.1983. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. NO. 040.
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xanthoparmelia_pulla.htm
France, session AFL 2010 - sur gneiss - Hérault
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xanthoparmelia_pulla.htm
France, session AFL 2010 - sur gneiss - Hérault
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xanthoparmelia_pulla.htm
France, session AFL 2010 - sur gneiss - Hérault
Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Beg ar Meinou
Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Beg ar Meinou
Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Beg ar Meinou
Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Beg ar Meinou
Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Beg ar Meinou
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Kerdreux
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Plomodiern
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Plomodiern
Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Porspoder
Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Porspoder
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Kerloc'h
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Kerloc'h
Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife
K-, C-, P-
Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife
K-, C-, P-
Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife
K-, C-, P-
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, in op. Bolca
as Parmelia dendritica
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, ad saxa Basaltica in Op. Bolca rara
as Parmelia dendritica
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: extremely rare
Subalpine belt: rare
Montane belt: common
Dry submediterranean belt: very common
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely common
Padanian area: rare
pH of the substrata:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Solar irradiation:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Aridity:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Eutrophication:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Poleotolerance:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Altitudinal distribution:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Pointe de Pen-Hir
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (14052)
2001/12/05
detail of apothecia
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (34629)
2002/01/22
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16015], Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Black Mountains Reserve. 35,276° S, 149,094° E, 760 m, growing on rocks. Leg. J.A. Elix, F. Schumm & E. Stocker-Wörgötter, 07.11.2009, det. J.A. Elix.
Stenosporic acid
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16015], Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Black Mountains Reserve. 35,276° S, 149,094° E, 760 m, growing on rocks. Leg. J.A. Elix, F. Schumm & E. Stocker-Wörgötter, 07.11.2009, det. J.A. Elix.
Stenosporic acid
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16015], Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Black Mountains Reserve. 35,276° S, 149,094° E, 760 m, growing on rocks. Leg. J.A. Elix, F. Schumm & E. Stocker-Wörgötter, 07.11.2009, det. J.A. Elix.
Stenosporic acid
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16015], Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Black Mountains Reserve. 35,276° S, 149,094° E, 760 m, growing on rocks. Leg. J.A. Elix, F. Schumm & E. Stocker-Wörgötter, 07.11.2009, det. J.A. Elix.
Stenosporic acid
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
Image from: F. Schumm (2008) - Flechten Madeiras, der Kanaren und Azoren. Beck, OHG - ISBN: 978-3-00-023700-3
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19085], Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Gudgenby River Gorge, 4.5 km south of Tharwa, 35°34' S, 149°04' E, 620 m, growing over mosses and on sheltered granite rocks along the river bank. Leg. J.A. Elix (10906), 10.04.1983. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. NO. 040.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19085], Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Gudgenby River Gorge, 4.5 km south of Tharwa, 35°34' S, 149°04' E, 620 m, growing over mosses and on sheltered granite rocks along the river bank. Leg. J.A. Elix (10906), 10.04.1983. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. NO. 040.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19085], Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Gudgenby River Gorge, 4.5 km south of Tharwa, 35°34' S, 149°04' E, 620 m, growing over mosses and on sheltered granite rocks along the river bank. Leg. J.A. Elix (10906), 10.04.1983. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. NO. 040.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19085], Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Gudgenby River Gorge, 4.5 km south of Tharwa, 35°34' S, 149°04' E, 620 m, growing over mosses and on sheltered granite rocks along the river bank. Leg. J.A. Elix (10906), 10.04.1983. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. NO. 040.
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xanthoparmelia_pulla.htm
France, session AFL 2010 - sur gneiss - Hérault
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xanthoparmelia_pulla.htm
France, session AFL 2010 - sur gneiss - Hérault
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xanthoparmelia_pulla.htm
France, session AFL 2010 - sur gneiss - Hérault
Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Beg ar Meinou
Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Beg ar Meinou
Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Beg ar Meinou
Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Beg ar Meinou
Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Beg ar Meinou
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Kerdreux
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Plomodiern
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Plomodiern
Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Porspoder
Joël Querellou - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Porspoder
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Kerloc'h
Michel David - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=61&lang=en
France, Kerloc'h
Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife
K-, C-, P-
Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife
K-, C-, P-
Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife
K-, C-, P-
Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, in op. Bolca
as Parmelia dendritica
