Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr.
N. Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 3, 3: 67, 1861. Basionym: Lichen parietinus L. - Sp. Pl., 2: 1143, 1753.
Synonyms: Parmelia parietina (L.) Ach.; Parmelia parietina var. vulgaris Schaer.; Physcia parietina (L.) De Not.; Physcia parietina var. microphylla (Flot.) Körb.; Physcia parietina var. platyphylla (Wallr.) Körb.
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, forming regular, up to 10(-15) cm wide rosettes, rather tightly adnate, lobed. Lobes dorsiventral, concave to flattened, 1-3.5(-5) mm wide, 0.15-0.3 mm thick, yellow-orange to pale greenish grey in shade-forms, without a superficial layer of crystals, smooth or somewhat wrinkled. Lower surface white to pale yellow, wrinkled, with short, white hapters. Upper cortex palisadę paraplectenchymatous; medulla white, often with scleropletenchymatous bundles; lower cortex mesodermatous paraplectenchymatous. Apothecia common, lecanorine/zeorine, laminal, stipitate, up to 8 mm across (usually less), with an orange, smooth, concave to flat disc, and a smooth to crenulate thalline margin. Epithecium yellow-brown, c. 10 µm thick, K+ purple-red; hymenium colourless, 50-90 µm thick; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched, swollen at tips; hypothecium colourless to pale brown. Asci 8-spored, clavate, functionally unitunicate, apically thickened with a broad internal beak, the inner part of apex and external cap I+ blue, Teloschistes-type. Ascospores 2-celled, polarilocular, hyaline, ellipsoid, 10-15(-16) × 6-8(-9) µm, the equatorial thickening (“septum”) 3-8 µm. Pycnidia immersed to slightly projecting, usually somehow darker orange than thallus. Conidia ellipsoid, 2.5-4 x 1-1.5 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus and apothecia K+ purple-red, C-, KC-, P-, UV+ intensely orange-red. Chemistry: parietin (major), fallacinal, emodin, teloschistin and parietinic acid.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark and rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: very rare
Montane belt: rather common
Dry submediterranean belt: extremely common
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely common
Padanian area: rather rare
pH of the substrata:
1 2 3 4 5
Solar irradiation:
1 2 3 4 5
Aridity:
1 2 3 4 5
Eutrophication:
1 2 3 4 5
Poleotolerance:
0 1 2 3
Altitudinal distribution:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
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Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
Tomi Trilar; Owner: Slovenian Museum of Natural History
Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Centre of the city
01.04.2005

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (30907)
2001/12/03
detail of apothecium

Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21

Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21

Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21

Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Erice, dintorni della città
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Erice, nei dintorni della città
2008.04.05

Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009

Giancarlo Medici; Owner: Giancarlo Medici
Italy, Emilia-Romagna, Modena, Appennino Modenese.
Herbarium: Forum Natura Mediterraneo
2010

Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Sicily, Trapani, Segesta
5.12.2016

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19294], Australia, South Australia, Mt. Lofty Ranges, the Swingbridge, 15 km E of Springton along the Marne River, 34°40'S, 139°14'E, 360 m, on almond trees in abondoned orchard. Leg. J.A. Elix (21336), 04.01.1987. Chemistry: parietin (major), parietinic acid (minor) by HPLC, anal. G.A. Jenkins. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 175

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19294], Australia, South Australia, Mt. Lofty Ranges, the Swingbridge, 15 km E of Springton along the Marne River, 34°40'S, 139°14'E, 360 m, on almond trees in abondoned orchard. Leg. J.A. Elix (21336), 04.01.1987. Chemistry: parietin (major), parietinic acid (minor) by HPLC, anal. G.A. Jenkins. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 175

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19294], Australia, South Australia, Mt. Lofty Ranges, the Swingbridge, 15 km E of Springton along the Marne River, 34°40'S, 139°14'E, 360 m, on almond trees in abondoned orchard. Leg. J.A. Elix (21336), 04.01.1987. Chemistry: parietin (major), parietinic acid (minor) by HPLC, anal. G.A. Jenkins. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 175

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xanthoria_parietina.htm
France, avril 2011 - Olmetto Luccida - Corse

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=71&lang=en
France, Rostellec

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=71&lang=en
France, Porspaul

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1012&lang=en
France, Cap Frehel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1012&lang=en
France, Cap Frehel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1012&lang=en
France, Cap Frehel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=854&lang=en
France, Rostellec
forme saxicole des rochers acides de la zone xérique.

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=854&lang=en
France, Landevennec
forme saxicole des rochers acides de la zone xérique.

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=854&lang=en
France, Logonna-Daoulas
forme saxicole des rochers acides de la zone xérique.

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=998&lang=en
France, Le Fret
forme saxicole des rochers alcalins de la zone mésique.

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=998&lang=en
France, Le Fret
forme saxicole des rochers alcalins de la zone mésique.

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=998&lang=en
France, St. Anne La Palud
forme saxicole des rochers alcalins de la zone mésique.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.

Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, Ad aceris truncos in opp. Tregnago 1855
as Physcia parietina

Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, Ad aceris truncos in opp. Tregnago 1855
as Physcia parietina
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark and rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: very rare
Montane belt: rather common
Dry submediterranean belt: extremely common
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely common
Padanian area: rather rare
pH of the substrata:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Solar irradiation:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Aridity:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Eutrophication:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Poleotolerance:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Altitudinal distribution:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025

