Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr.
N. Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 3, 3: 67, 1861. Basionym: Lichen parietinus L. - Sp. Pl., 2: 1143, 1753.
Synonyms: Parmelia parietina (L.) Ach.; Parmelia parietina var. vulgaris Schaer.; Physcia parietina (L.) De Not.; Physcia parietina var. microphylla (Flot.) Körb.; Physcia parietina var. platyphylla (Wallr.) Körb.
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, forming regular, up to 10(-15) cm wide rosettes, rather tightly adnate, lobed. Lobes dorsiventral, concave to flattened, 1-3.5(-5) mm wide, 0.15-0.3 mm thick, yellow-orange to pale greenish grey in shade-forms, without a superficial layer of crystals, smooth or somewhat wrinkled. Lower surface white to pale yellow, wrinkled, with short, white hapters. Upper cortex palisadę paraplectenchymatous; medulla white, often with scleropletenchymatous bundles; lower cortex mesodermatous paraplectenchymatous. Apothecia common, lecanorine/zeorine, laminal, stipitate, up to 8 mm across (usually less), with an orange, smooth, concave to flat disc, and a smooth to crenulate thalline margin. Epithecium yellow-brown, c. 10 µm thick, K+ purple-red; hymenium colourless, 50-90 µm thick; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched, swollen at tips; hypothecium colourless to pale brown. Asci 8-spored, clavate, functionally unitunicate, apically thickened with a broad internal beak, the inner part of apex and external cap I+ blue, Teloschistes-type. Ascospores 2-celled, polarilocular, hyaline, ellipsoid, 10-15(-16) × 6-8(-9) µm, the equatorial thickening (“septum”) 3-8 µm. Pycnidia immersed to slightly projecting, usually somehow darker orange than thallus. Conidia ellipsoid, 2.5-4 x 1-1.5 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus and apothecia K+ purple-red, C-, KC-, P-, UV+ intensely orange-red. Chemistry: parietin (major), fallacinal, emodin, teloschistin and parietinic acid.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark and rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: very rare
Montane belt: rather common
Dry submediterranean belt: extremely common
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely common
Padanian area: rather rare
pH of the substrata:
1 2 3 4 5
Solar irradiation:
1 2 3 4 5
Aridity:
1 2 3 4 5
Eutrophication:
1 2 3 4 5
Poleotolerance:
0 1 2 3
Altitudinal distribution:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
Tomi Trilar; Owner: Slovenian Museum of Natural History
Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Centre of the city
01.04.2005

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (30907)
2001/12/03
detail of apothecium

Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21

Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21

Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21

Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Erice, dintorni della città
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Erice, nei dintorni della città
2008.04.05

Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009

Giancarlo Medici; Owner: Giancarlo Medici
Italy, Emilia-Romagna, Modena, Appennino Modenese.
Herbarium: Forum Natura Mediterraneo
2010

Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Sicily, Trapani, Segesta
5.12.2016

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19294], Australia, South Australia, Mt. Lofty Ranges, the Swingbridge, 15 km E of Springton along the Marne River, 34°40'S, 139°14'E, 360 m, on almond trees in abondoned orchard. Leg. J.A. Elix (21336), 04.01.1987. Chemistry: parietin (major), parietinic acid (minor) by HPLC, anal. G.A. Jenkins. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 175

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19294], Australia, South Australia, Mt. Lofty Ranges, the Swingbridge, 15 km E of Springton along the Marne River, 34°40'S, 139°14'E, 360 m, on almond trees in abondoned orchard. Leg. J.A. Elix (21336), 04.01.1987. Chemistry: parietin (major), parietinic acid (minor) by HPLC, anal. G.A. Jenkins. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 175

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19294], Australia, South Australia, Mt. Lofty Ranges, the Swingbridge, 15 km E of Springton along the Marne River, 34°40'S, 139°14'E, 360 m, on almond trees in abondoned orchard. Leg. J.A. Elix (21336), 04.01.1987. Chemistry: parietin (major), parietinic acid (minor) by HPLC, anal. G.A. Jenkins. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 175

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xanthoria_parietina.htm
France, avril 2011 - Olmetto Luccida - Corse

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=71&lang=en
France, Rostellec

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=71&lang=en
France, Porspaul

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1012&lang=en
France, Cap Frehel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1012&lang=en
France, Cap Frehel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1012&lang=en
France, Cap Frehel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=854&lang=en
France, Rostellec
forme saxicole des rochers acides de la zone xérique.

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=854&lang=en
France, Landevennec
forme saxicole des rochers acides de la zone xérique.

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=854&lang=en
France, Logonna-Daoulas
forme saxicole des rochers acides de la zone xérique.

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=998&lang=en
France, Le Fret
forme saxicole des rochers alcalins de la zone mésique.

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=998&lang=en
France, Le Fret
forme saxicole des rochers alcalins de la zone mésique.

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=998&lang=en
France, St. Anne La Palud
forme saxicole des rochers alcalins de la zone mésique.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.

Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, Ad aceris truncos in opp. Tregnago 1855
as Physcia parietina

Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, Ad aceris truncos in opp. Tregnago 1855
as Physcia parietina
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark and rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: very rare
Montane belt: rather common
Dry submediterranean belt: extremely common
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely common
Padanian area: rather rare
pH of the substrata:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Solar irradiation:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Aridity:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Eutrophication:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Poleotolerance:
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Altitudinal distribution:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map



Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025

Tomi Trilar; Owner: Slovenian Museum of Natural History
Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Centre of the city
01.04.2005

P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (30907)
2001/12/03
detail of apothecium

Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21

Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21

Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21

Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Erice, dintorni della città
2008.04.05

A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Erice, nei dintorni della città
2008.04.05

Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009

Giancarlo Medici; Owner: Giancarlo Medici
Italy, Emilia-Romagna, Modena, Appennino Modenese.
Herbarium: Forum Natura Mediterraneo
2010

Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Sicily, Trapani, Segesta
5.12.2016

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19294], Australia, South Australia, Mt. Lofty Ranges, the Swingbridge, 15 km E of Springton along the Marne River, 34°40'S, 139°14'E, 360 m, on almond trees in abondoned orchard. Leg. J.A. Elix (21336), 04.01.1987. Chemistry: parietin (major), parietinic acid (minor) by HPLC, anal. G.A. Jenkins. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 175

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19294], Australia, South Australia, Mt. Lofty Ranges, the Swingbridge, 15 km E of Springton along the Marne River, 34°40'S, 139°14'E, 360 m, on almond trees in abondoned orchard. Leg. J.A. Elix (21336), 04.01.1987. Chemistry: parietin (major), parietinic acid (minor) by HPLC, anal. G.A. Jenkins. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 175

Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19294], Australia, South Australia, Mt. Lofty Ranges, the Swingbridge, 15 km E of Springton along the Marne River, 34°40'S, 139°14'E, 360 m, on almond trees in abondoned orchard. Leg. J.A. Elix (21336), 04.01.1987. Chemistry: parietin (major), parietinic acid (minor) by HPLC, anal. G.A. Jenkins. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 175

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xanthoria_parietina.htm
France, avril 2011 - Olmetto Luccida - Corse

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=71&lang=en
France, Rostellec

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=71&lang=en
France, Porspaul

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1012&lang=en
France, Cap Frehel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1012&lang=en
France, Cap Frehel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1012&lang=en
France, Cap Frehel

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=854&lang=en
France, Rostellec
forme saxicole des rochers acides de la zone xérique.

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=854&lang=en
France, Landevennec
forme saxicole des rochers acides de la zone xérique.

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=854&lang=en
France, Logonna-Daoulas
forme saxicole des rochers acides de la zone xérique.

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=998&lang=en
France, Le Fret
forme saxicole des rochers alcalins de la zone mésique.

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=998&lang=en
France, Le Fret
forme saxicole des rochers alcalins de la zone mésique.

Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=998&lang=en
France, St. Anne La Palud
forme saxicole des rochers alcalins de la zone mésique.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.

Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.

Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, Ad aceris truncos in opp. Tregnago 1855
as Physcia parietina
