Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr.

N. Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 3, 3: 67, 1861. Basionym: Lichen parietinus L. - Sp. Pl., 2: 1143, 1753.
Synonyms: Parmelia parietina (L.) Ach.; Parmelia parietina var. vulgaris Schaer.; Physcia parietina (L.) De Not.; Physcia parietina var. microphylla (Flot.) Körb.; Physcia parietina var. platyphylla (Wallr.) Körb.
Description: Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, forming regular, up to 10(-15) cm wide rosettes, rather tightly adnate, lobed. Lobes dorsiventral, concave to flattened, 1-3.5(-5) mm wide, 0.15-0.3 mm thick, yellow-orange to pale greenish grey in shade-forms, without a superficial layer of crystals, smooth or somewhat wrinkled. Lower surface white to pale yellow, wrinkled, with short, white hapters. Upper cortex palisadę paraplectenchymatous; medulla white, often with scleropletenchymatous bundles; lower cortex mesodermatous paraplectenchymatous. Apothecia common, lecanorine/zeorine, laminal, stipitate, up to 8 mm across (usually less), with an orange, smooth, concave to flat disc, and a smooth to crenulate thalline margin. Epithecium yellow-brown, c. 10 µm thick, K+ purple-red; hymenium colourless, 50-90 µm thick; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched, swollen at tips; hypothecium colourless to pale brown. Asci 8-spored, clavate, functionally unitunicate, apically thickened with a broad internal beak, the inner part of apex and external cap I+ blue, Teloschistes-type. Ascospores 2-celled, polarilocular, hyaline, ellipsoid, 10-15(-16) × 6-8(-9) µm, the equatorial thickening (“septum”) 3-8 µm. Pycnidia immersed to slightly projecting, usually somehow darker orange than thallus. Conidia ellipsoid, 2.5-4 x 1-1.5 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus and apothecia K+ purple-red, C-, KC-, P-, UV+ intensely orange-red. Chemistry: parietin (major), fallacinal, emodin, teloschistin and parietinic acid.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: bark and rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: very rare
Montane belt: rather common
Dry submediterranean belt: extremely common
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely common
Padanian area: rather rare

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Rarity

absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
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Occurrence data
Predictive map
Model ImageCurrent prediction (1981-2010)
Model ImageFuture prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6
Model ImageFuture prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5
Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025

Tomi Trilar; Owner: Slovenian Museum of Natural History
Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Centre of the city
01.04.2005


P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (30907)
2001/12/03
detail of apothecium


Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu


Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21


Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21


Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21


Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21


A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05


A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05


A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05


A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05


A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05


A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05


A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Isola di Marettimo
2008.04.05


A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Erice, dintorni della città
2008.04.05


A. Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Sicilia, TP, Erice, nei dintorni della città
2008.04.05


Juri Nascimbene; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Villa Welsperg, Centro Visitatori del Parco di Paneveggio; altitude: 1030 m
03.04.2009


Harry Taylor; Owner: Natural History Museum London


Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV); Owner: Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV)


Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV); Owner: Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV)


Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV); Owner: Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV)


Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV); Owner: Gabriele Gheza, Tromello (PV)


Paolo Fontanesi, Reggio Emilia; Owner: Paolo Fontanesi, Reggio Emilia


Caterina Azara; Owner: Caterina Azara
Italy, Sardegna
2010


Caterina Azara; Owner: Caterina Azara
Italy, Sardegna
2010


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


Antonio Valero; Owner: Antonio Valero
Spain
2010


Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano
Italia
2010


Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano
Italia
2010


Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano
Italia
2010


Manilio Prignano; Owner: Manilio Prignano
Italia
2010


Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Chianti
2010


Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Chianti
2010


Simonetta Peruzzi; Owner: Simonetta Peruzzi
Italy, Toscana, Chianti
2010


Giancarlo Medici; Owner: Giancarlo Medici
Italy, Emilia-Romagna, Modena, Appennino Modenese.
Herbarium: Forum Natura Mediterraneo
2010


Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Sicily, Trapani, Segesta
5.12.2016


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19294], Australia, South Australia, Mt. Lofty Ranges, the Swingbridge, 15 km E of Springton along the Marne River, 34°40'S, 139°14'E, 360 m, on almond trees in abondoned orchard. Leg. J.A. Elix (21336), 04.01.1987. Chemistry: parietin (major), parietinic acid (minor) by HPLC, anal. G.A. Jenkins. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 175


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19294], Australia, South Australia, Mt. Lofty Ranges, the Swingbridge, 15 km E of Springton along the Marne River, 34°40'S, 139°14'E, 360 m, on almond trees in abondoned orchard. Leg. J.A. Elix (21336), 04.01.1987. Chemistry: parietin (major), parietinic acid (minor) by HPLC, anal. G.A. Jenkins. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 175


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[19294], Australia, South Australia, Mt. Lofty Ranges, the Swingbridge, 15 km E of Springton along the Marne River, 34°40'S, 139°14'E, 360 m, on almond trees in abondoned orchard. Leg. J.A. Elix (21336), 04.01.1987. Chemistry: parietin (major), parietinic acid (minor) by HPLC, anal. G.A. Jenkins. LICH. AUSTRALASICI EXS. 175


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xanthoria_parietina.htm
France, avril 2011 - Olmetto Luccida - Corse


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=71&lang=en
France, Rostellec


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=71&lang=en
France, Porspaul


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1012&lang=en
France, Cap Frehel


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1012&lang=en
France, Cap Frehel


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1012&lang=en
France, Cap Frehel


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=854&lang=en
France, Rostellec
forme saxicole des rochers acides de la zone xérique.


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=854&lang=en
France, Landevennec
forme saxicole des rochers acides de la zone xérique.


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=854&lang=en
France, Logonna-Daoulas
forme saxicole des rochers acides de la zone xérique.


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=998&lang=en
France, Le Fret
forme saxicole des rochers alcalins de la zone mésique.


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=998&lang=en
France, Le Fret
forme saxicole des rochers alcalins de la zone mésique.


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=998&lang=en
France, St. Anne La Palud
forme saxicole des rochers alcalins de la zone mésique.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.


Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Spain, Gijón, 1-1-2022, en ramas de Tilia platyphyllos, leg. & det. Marta González, ERD-9202.


Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Ebensfeld


Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Hersbruck


Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Straubing


Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, Ad aceris truncos in opp. Tregnago 1855
as Physcia parietina


Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, Ad aceris truncos in opp. Tregnago 1855
as Physcia parietina


Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, Ad aceris truncos in opp. Tregnago 1855
as Physcia parietina


Collezione lichenologica Abramo Massalongo del Museo di Storia Naturale G. Ligabue di Venezia - Autori: Seggi, Linda; Trabucco, Raffaella Proprietà: Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia - CC BY-NC
Italy, Veneto, Ubique in regno Veneto 1855
as Physcia parietina