Xylographa parallela (Ach. : Fr.) Fr.
Summa Veg. Scand.: 372, 1849 - Stictis (Xylographa) parallela (Ach.) Fr. : Fr. Syst. Mycol. 2(1): 197 (1822); sanctioned name according to Art. 15.1. Basionym: Lichen parallelus Ach. - Lichenogr. Suec. Prodr.: 23, 1799.
Synonyms: Hysterium abietinum Pers.; Xylographa abietina (Pers.) Zahlbr.; Xylographa abietina var. rubescens (Räsänen) Degel.; Xylographa incerta A. Massal.; Xylographa laricicola Nyl.; Xylographa parallela (Ach.) Fr.; Xylographa parallela var. sessitana Bagl.; Xylographa rubescens Räsänen
Description: Thallus crustose, mostly endosubstratic and inapparent, rarely rimose or scurfy, with corticate, brown goniocysts. Apothecia narrowly ellipsoid to linear, densely and evenly distributed, often following the wood grain, 0.3-1.7 x 0.1-0.28 mm, with a flat to slightly convex, dark brown to black disc and a thin, brown to black, finally excluded proper margin often visible only at the extremities. Exciple brown in outer part, colourless within, of laterally interwoven hyphae, paraplectenchymatous in vertical section, 15-37 μm wide; hymenium colourless or very pale yellowish brown, 55-110(-150) μm high, I+ blue-green turning rust red or I+ persistently blue; paraphyses strongly contorted, branched and anastomosing 1.7-2.5 μm thick at mid-level, often distally moniliform and apically swollen to (2.5-)4-6(-8) μm, the last 4-5 cells lying horizontally in knot-like tangles over the disc; hypothecium colourless to pale brown, 40-150 μm high. Asci 8-spored, clavate-cylindrical, unitunicate, the gelatinous sheaths covering the walls amyloid, the tholus lacking internal amyloid structures, similar to that in Trapelia. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline ellipsoid, 10-16.5 x (3.5-)6-7.5(-8.5) μm. Pycnidia rare, partially immersed, globose. Conidia filiform, curved, 9-14 x 0.5-0.7 μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K- or K+ yellowish (microscopic section!), C-, KC-, P- or P+ yellow. Chemistry: stictic acid or without lichen substances.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: lignum
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: very common
Montane belt: common
Dry submediterranean belt: very rare
Humid submediterranean belt: very rare
Padanian area: absent
pH of the substrata:
1 2 3 4 5
Solar irradiation:
1 2 3 4 5
Aridity:
1 2 3 4 5
Eutrophication:
1 2 3 4 5
Poleotolerance:
0 1 2 3
Altitudinal distribution:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 38811
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (36776)
2008.02.25
Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Paneveggio, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
2009
Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern
Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 38811
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (11865)
2001/12/03
Zahlbruckner A. 1926. Lichenes (Flechten). In: Engler A. (ed.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed., vol 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp.
P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 38811
P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 38811
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (11865)
2001/12/03
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xylographa_parallela.htm
France, 4/3/2016 - CB Chavaniac-Lafayette - Haute-Loire
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xylographa_parallela.htm
France, 4/3/2016 - CB Chavaniac-Lafayette - Haute-Loire
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1129&lang=en
France, Lanveoc
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1129&lang=en
France, Lanveoc
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1129&lang=en
France, Lanveoc
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1129&lang=en
France, Lanveoc
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1129&lang=en
France, Lanveoc
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: lignum
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: very common
Montane belt: common
Dry submediterranean belt: very rare
Humid submediterranean belt: very rare
Padanian area: absent
pH of the substrata:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Solar irradiation:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Aridity:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Eutrophication:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Poleotolerance:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Altitudinal distribution:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 38811
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (36776)
2008.02.25
Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Paneveggio, Reg. Trentino-Alto Adige Prov. Trento, Italy.
2009
Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern
Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 38811
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (11865)
2001/12/03
Zahlbruckner A. 1926. Lichenes (Flechten). In: Engler A. (ed.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed., vol 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp.
P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 38811
P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 38811
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (11865)
2001/12/03
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xylographa_parallela.htm
France, 4/3/2016 - CB Chavaniac-Lafayette - Haute-Loire
Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_X/Xylographa_parallela.htm
France, 4/3/2016 - CB Chavaniac-Lafayette - Haute-Loire
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1129&lang=en
France, Lanveoc
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1129&lang=en
France, Lanveoc
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1129&lang=en
France, Lanveoc
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1129&lang=en
France, Lanveoc
Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1129&lang=en
France, Lanveoc
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.
Marta González Garcia - Centro de Estudios Micologicos Asturianos
Puerto de Monteviejo (León), 29-IV-2022, en madera semipodrida de Pinus sylvestris, leg. E. Rubio, det. M. González, ERD-9365.
