Biatora subduplex (Nyl.) Printzen

Räsänen ex Printzen, Bibl. Lichenol., 60: 123, 1995. Basionym: Lecidea vernalis f. subduplex Nyl. - Lich. Scand., 201, 1861.
Synonyms: Biatora subduplex (Nyl.) Räsänen comb. inval.; Biatora vernalis f. subduplex (Nyl.) Arnold; Bilimbia sphaeroides var. subduplex (Nyl.) Branth; Catillaria subduplex (Nyl.) H. Olivier; Lecidea apochroeiza Nyl.; Lecidea internectens Nyl.; Lecidea subduplex (Nyl.) Nyl.
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, whitish grey, greenish grey or pale ochre, continuous, rimose or areolate, forming up to 5 cm wide patches, the areoles 0.15-0.55 mm wide, irregular in outline, the margins often crenulate or slightly raised. Apothecia biatorine, sessile and constricted at base, orange-brown to red-brown, 0.2-0.7(-1.5) mm across, with an initially flat, then strongly convex and sometimes tuberculate disc and a paler, thin, smooth, soon excluded proper margin. Proper exciple 25-80(-100) µm wide laterally, colourless in outer part, pale brown within, of radiating hyphae with angular-elongate, 1-2.5 µm wide lumina; epithecium scarcely differentiated from the hymenium, colourless to very pale brown; hymenium colourless, yellowish or brownish, 35-60 µm high; paraphyses coherent, simple or sparingly branched, 1-1.5 µm thick at mid-level, the apical cells to 4 µm wide; subhymenium distinct, 20-95 µm high; hypothecium yellowish or brownish, 35-200(-300) µm high. Asci 8-spored, clavate, thick-walled, the outer wall weakly I+ reddish, Biatora-type. Ascospores 1-celled (rarely 1-septate), hyaline, ellipsoid, (8-)10-15(-21) x 3-5(-6) µm, with a thin perispore. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Growth form: Crustose
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: rather common
Subalpine belt: very common
Montane belt: very rare
Dry submediterranean belt: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Rarity

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Predictive map

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)


P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (34659)
2002/01/31


Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern


Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern


Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern


Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern


Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern


Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Biatora_subduplex.htm
France, Chamonix-Mont-Blanc : tête de Balme, alt. 2321 m - Savoie - (73) - sur débris de mousse, herb. et dét. D. et O. Gonnet
24/8/2014


Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Biatora_subduplex.htm
France, Chamonix-Mont-Blanc : tête de Balme, alt. 2321 m - Savoie - (73) - sur débris de mousse, herb. et dét. D. et O. Gonnet
24/8/2014


Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Biatora_subduplex.htm
France, Chamonix-Mont-Blanc : tête de Balme, alt. 2321 m - Savoie - (73) - sur débris de mousse, herb. et dét. D. et O. Gonnet
24/8/2014


Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Biatora_subduplex.htm
France, Chamonix-Mont-Blanc : tête de Balme, alt. 2321 m - Savoie - (73) - sur débris de mousse, herb. et dét. D. et O. Gonnet
24/8/2014


Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Biatora_subduplex.htm
France, Col du Petit Mont-Cenis, alt. 2200 m
25/8/2018


Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Biatora_subduplex.htm
France, Col du Petit Mont-Cenis, alt. 2200 m
25/8/2018


Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_B/Textes_B2/Biatora_subduplex.htm
France, Col du Petit Mont-Cenis, alt. 2200 m
25/8/2018


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[VZR112], Austria. Tirolia merid., Oetztaler Alpen, Oetztal, secus viam montanam inter jugum "Hohe Mut" et "Liebenerspitze" et vallem "Gaisbergtal, 2400-2700 m. Ad terram humosam. Leg. A. Vezda & F. Ceni, 2.9.1993, rev. Z. Palice - (primum sub Biatora vernalis (L.) Fr. edita). EX A. VEZDA: LICHENES RARIORES EXSICCATI NR. 112.


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[VZR112], Austria. Tirolia merid., Oetztaler Alpen, Oetztal, secus viam montanam inter jugum "Hohe Mut" et "Liebenerspitze" et vallem "Gaisbergtal, 2400-2700 m. Ad terram humosam. Leg. A. Vezda & F. Ceni, 2.9.1993, rev. Z. Palice - (primum sub Biatora vernalis (L.) Fr. edita). EX A. VEZDA: LICHENES RARIORES EXSICCATI NR. 112.