Candelariella reflexa (Nyl.) Lettau
Hedwigia, 52: 196, 1912. Basionym: Lecanora vitellina var. reflexa Nyl. - Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 16: 241, 1866.
Synonyms: Caloplaca reflexa (Nyl.) Flagey; Lecanora reflexa (Nyl.) Nyl.
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic areolate-subsquamulose, sorediate, the areoles abundant, well-developed, aggregated, sometimes forming distinct rosettes, flat to convex, often incised, greenish to yellow, up to 0.6 mm wide and 130 μm thick. Cortex 5-15 μm thick, consisting of 1-3 layers of more or less isodiametric cells; algal layer 40-75 μm thick; medulla spongy, of very loose, elongated hyphae. Soralia initially emerging from the middle of the areoles, 0.2.0.45 mm in diam., at first crateriform, later convex, sometimes becoming confluent but almost never forming large sorediate crusts. Soredia 40-70 μm in diam., the photobiont cells enclosed by 1-2 layers of 3-6 μm thick hyphae with some yellow-brown pigment. Apothecia rare, clearly lecanorine only when young, later appearing biatorine, 0.3-1.3 mm across, with an initially flat, then soon convex, yellow-orange to orange disc and an irregular, incomplete, soon excluded thalline margin. Thalline exciple c. 100 μm thick, with a paraplectenchymatous cortex; proper exciple up to 120 μm thick in upper part, of radiating hyphae with rectangular cells; epithecium yellow-brown, with a layer of yellow-brown granules insoluble in K, that sometimes extend downwards inbetween the paraphyses; hymenium colourless, 60-100 μm high; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched, 2.2-3.5 μm thick, the apical cells not or only slightly swollen; hypothecium colourless, with oil droplets. Asci 8-spored, clavate, with an apical dome which is I+ blue only in the internal, lower part, interrupted in the centre by a I+ paler blue strip, Candelaria-type. Ascospores 1-celled or rarely 1-septate, hyaline, narrowly ellipsoid, sometimes narrowing at one end, often guttulate, 12-18 x 4.5-6 μm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: K-, C-, KC-, P-. Chemistry: pulvinic acid derivatives.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Montane belt: rare
Dry submediterranean belt: very common
Humid submediterranean belt: very common
Padanian area: rather common
pH of the substrata:
1 2 3 4 5
Solar irradiation:
1 2 3 4 5
Aridity:
1 2 3 4 5
Eutrophication:
1 2 3 4 5
Poleotolerance:
0 1 2 3
Altitudinal distribution:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (17749)
2001/11/19
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (17749)
2002/05/13
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21
with several other lichens
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (20966)
2008.03.03
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (20966)
2008.03.03
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (20966)
2008.03.03
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Bernaard Bouffinier - Source: Aber
France, Roscoff
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly asexual, by soredia, or soredia-like structures (e.g. blastidia)
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Montane belt: rare
Dry submediterranean belt: very common
Humid submediterranean belt: very common
Padanian area: rather common
pH of the substrata:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Solar irradiation:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Aridity:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Eutrophication:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Poleotolerance:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Altitudinal distribution:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (17749)
2001/11/19
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (17749)
2002/05/13
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21
with several other lichens
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, TS, Basovizza; altitude: 2
2008.02.21
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (20966)
2008.03.03
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (20966)
2008.03.03
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (20966)
2008.03.03
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
