Candelariella xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau
Hedwigia, 52: 196, 1912. Basionym: Lichen xanthostigmus Pers. ex Ach. - Lichenogr. Univ.: 403, 1810.
Synonyms: Candelariella vitellina var. xanthostigma (Ach.) Elenkin; Lecanora vitellina var. xanthostigma (Ach.) Nyl.
Description: Thallus crustose, of scattered to crowded, bright yellow, smooth, mostly round and convex, 0.04-0.1(-0.2) mm wide, corticate granules which sometimes coalesce into larger units. Pseudocortex formed by a single layer of cells, c. 3-9 µm thick, of thin-walled hyphae with more or less isodiametrical, 3-6 µm wide cells. Apothecia rather frequent, yellow, lecanorine, (0.2-)0.4-0.7(-0.9) mm across, with an initially entire, later granular, raised to finally excluded thalline margin and a darker yellow, flat to finally convex disc, the proper margin sometimes distinct, visible as a smooth, somewhat raised ring surrounding the disc. Thalline exciple thinly pseudocorticate; proper exciple to 70 µm thick in uppermost part, of radiating, hyphae with more or less rectangular cells, the outer cells somewhat shorter and rounded; epithecium yellow-brown, granular; hymenium colourless, 55-80 µm high; paraphyses simple, cylindrical 1.5-2.5 µm thick at mid-level, the apical cells up to 3.5 µm wide; hypothecium colourless, usually with oil droplets. Asci 16-24(-32)-spored, clavate, with an apical dome which is I+ blue only in the internal, lower part, interrupted in the centre by an paler I+ blue strip, Candelaria-type. Ascospores 1-celled (rarely a few 1-septate), hyaline, ovoid to oblong, 7-12(-14) x (3-)3.5-5(-6) µm. Pycnidia common, appearing as darker yellow granules. Conidia hyaline, ellipsoid to oblong, 2.5-3.5 x c. 1.5 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K- or K+ faintly orange, C-, KC-, P-. Chemistry: calycin, pulvinic acid, pulvinic dilactone and vulpinic acid.
Growth form: Crustose
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: rare
Montane belt: rather common
Dry submediterranean belt: very common
Humid submediterranean belt: very common
Padanian area: rare
pH of the substrata:
1 2 3 4 5
Solar irradiation:
1 2 3 4 5
Aridity:
1 2 3 4 5
Eutrophication:
1 2 3 4 5
Poleotolerance:
0 1 2 3
Altitudinal distribution:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 24328
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (14979)
2002/05/13
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (24328)
2008.03.03
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (24328)
2008.03.03
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (24328)
2008.03.03
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Triedte
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
20/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Triedte
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
20/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Triedte
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
20/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Triedte
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
20/02/2017
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (14979)
2001/11/19
Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C3/Candelariella_xanthostigma.htm
France, Sur acacia - Poleymieux - Rhône
27/2/2019
Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C3/Candelariella_xanthostigma.htm
France, Sur acacia - Poleymieux - Rhône
27/2/2019
Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C3/Candelariella_xanthostigma.htm
France, Sur acacia - Poleymieux - Rhône
27/2/2019
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[VZ1097], Bohemoslovacia. Moravia austro-occidentalis. Moravský
Krumlov, in valle fluvii Rokytná prope pagum Budkovice, 280 m. Ad
corticem Salicis sp. Leg. A. Vezda, 4.5.1972. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES
SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 1097.
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[VZ1097], Bohemoslovacia. Moravia austro-occidentalis. Moravský
Krumlov, in valle fluvii Rokytná prope pagum Budkovice, 280 m. Ad
corticem Salicis sp. Leg. A. Vezda, 4.5.1972. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES
SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 1097.
Growth form: Crustose
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: rare
Montane belt: rather common
Dry submediterranean belt: very common
Humid submediterranean belt: very common
Padanian area: rare
pH of the substrata:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Solar irradiation:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Aridity:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Eutrophication:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Poleotolerance:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Altitudinal distribution:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 24328
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (14979)
2002/05/13
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (24328)
2008.03.03
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (24328)
2008.03.03
P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (24328)
2008.03.03
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Triedte
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
20/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Triedte
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
20/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Triedte
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
20/02/2017
Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Triedte
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
20/02/2017
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (14979)
2001/11/19
Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C3/Candelariella_xanthostigma.htm
France, Sur acacia - Poleymieux - Rhône
27/2/2019
Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C3/Candelariella_xanthostigma.htm
France, Sur acacia - Poleymieux - Rhône
27/2/2019
Courtesy: Olivier et Danièle Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Textes_C3/Candelariella_xanthostigma.htm
France, Sur acacia - Poleymieux - Rhône
27/2/2019
Felix Schumm - CC BY 4.0
[VZ1097], Bohemoslovacia. Moravia austro-occidentalis. Moravský Krumlov, in valle fluvii Rokytná prope pagum Budkovice, 280 m. Ad corticem Salicis sp. Leg. A. Vezda, 4.5.1972. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 1097.
