Carbonea atronivea (Arnold) Hertel

Mitt. bot. Staatss. München, 19: 375, 1983. Basionym: Lecidea atronivea Arnold - Flora, 53: 123, 1870.
Synonyms:
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, pure white, continuous or slightly rimose to areolate, to 1.5 mm thick, forming small, 3-20 mm wide orbicular patches. Medulla white, I-. Apothecia lecideine, usually in clusters, black, epruinose, somewhat glossy, slightly immersed to adnate, at first rounded, then angular by mutual compression, (0.2-)0.4-0.8(-1.3) mm across, with a flat to slightly convex, rarely umbonate disc, and a thin, raised, often undulate proper margin. Proper exciple black, reddish brown only in innermost and lowermost parts, with red-brown lines towards hypothecium (visible on thin sections); epithecium blue-green or emerald-green, 20-30 µm high, N+ purple-red; hymenium colourless or pale green in upper part, 50-65 µm high; paraphyses simple, conglutinated, forked and anastomosing in upper part, 1.5-2 µm thick at mid-level, the apical cell slightly swollen, to 3.5 μm wide; hypothecium dark reddish brown, K-. Asci 8-spored, clavate, the K/I+ blue tholus penetrated by a faintly amyloid apical cushion with parallel or diverging flanks, the outer wall very thin, K/I-, surrounded by a K/I+ blue outer layer, Lecanora-type. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, oblong-ellipsoid, (6-)8-15 x 3-7 µm, rather thick-walled. Pycnidia black, globose, immersed. Conidia thread-like, 20-35 µm long. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K- or K+ faintly lemon-yellow, C-, KC-, P-. Chemistry: cortex with traces of atranorin, or without lichen substances.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
paras Lecidella spp. when young

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: rare
Subalpine belt: very rare
Montane belt: absent
Dry submediterranean belt: absent
Humid submediterranean belt: absent
Padanian area: absent

pH of the substrata:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Rarity

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P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 33159


P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (33159)
2002/05/13


Sebastiano Dose - CC BY 4.0
Armenia, Arargatsotn Province, along the S slope of Mt. Aragats, in correspondence of the Lake Kari, on siliceous/basaltic rocks on the E side/shore of the lake. 40°28’28” N/ 44°11’06° E, ca. 3200 m. 26.09.2024. leg., Dose, Nimis & Muggia TSB 45181