Chaenotheca ferruginea (Sm.) Mig.
Kryptogamenfl. Deutschl., Deutsch-Österr., Schweiz, 4, Flechten, 2: 479, 1931. Basionym: Calicium ferrugineum Turner ex Sm. in Smith & Sowerby - Engl. Bot., 35: 2473, 1812.
Synonyms: Calicium melanophaeum Ach.; Calicium roscidum (Ach.) Flörke var. pinastri Ach.; Chaenotheca melanophaea (Ach.) Zwackh; Cyphelium melanophaeum (Ach.) Körb.; Cyphelium melanophaeum var. ferrugineum (Sm.) A. Massal.; Cyphelium melanophaeum var. vulgare (Schaer.) Körb.
Description: Thallus crustose, usually episubstratic, ecorticate, granular-verrucose, sometimes patchily sorediate, pale whitish grey to pale green, often with yellow-orange to rusty red patches which may extend over most of the thallus, rarely immersed and inconspicuous. Apothecia rather frequent, on long stalks, pin-like, (0.4-)1-2 mm tall, 5-15 times as long as width of stalk; stalk 70-150 µm thick, shiny black, epruinose; capitulum broadly to narrowly obconical, 0.2-0.5 mm across, the mazaedium pale to dark brown, often with a yellow tinge. Exciple well-developed, epruinose consisting of numerous layers of interwoven but largely periclinally arranged hyphae; hypothecium obconical, medium brown, with a convex upper surface. Asci cylindrical to narrowly clavate, distinctly stalked, formed singly or in short chains, disintegrating early, with uni- to biseriately arranged spores. Ascospores 1-celled, dark brown, globose, 5.5-8 μm wide, thick-walled, coarsely and irregularly fissured at maturity. Photobiont chlorococcoid (Trebouxia). Spot tests: thallus K-, C-, KC, P-, except the pigmented parts, which react K+ deep red; ascospore mass with a yellowish, K+ red pigment. Chemistry: a quinoid pigment.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Subcontinental: restricted to areas with a dry-subcontinental climate (e.g. dry Alpine valleys, parts of Mediterranean Italy)
In underhangs rarely wetted by rain
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Montane belt: extremely rare
Dry submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Humid submediterranean belt: very rare
Padanian area: absent
pH of the substrata:
1 2 3 4 5
Solar irradiation:
1 2 3 4 5
Aridity:
1 2 3 4 5
Eutrophication:
1 2 3 4 5
Poleotolerance:
0 1 2 3
Altitudinal distribution:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6
Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (11503)
2001/12/05
Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu
Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)
Juri Nascimbene – CC BY-SA 4.0; Owner: Department of ùLife Sciences, University of Trieste
Paneveggio, Trentino, Italy
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (34867)
2002/02/17
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsior beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall
Domenico Puntillo - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37227
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37227
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37228
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 41903
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 41905
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 41905
Domenico Puntillo CC BY-SA 4.0
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
France, Argonne
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
France, Argonne
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
Wallonie
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
Wallonie
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsior beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[8737], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Rems-Murr-Kreis, an Fichten
bei Murrhardt, 48°59.370 N, 9°35.023 E, 320 m, TK: 023. Leg. F.
Schumm, 22.06.2001, det. F. Schumm 2001.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[8737], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Rems-Murr-Kreis, an Fichten
bei Murrhardt, 48°59.370 N, 9°35.023 E, 320 m, TK: 023. Leg. F.
Schumm, 22.06.2001, det. F. Schumm 2001.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[8737], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Rems-Murr-Kreis, an Fichten
bei Murrhardt, 48°59.370 N, 9°35.023 E, 320 m, TK: 023. Leg. F.
Schumm, 22.06.2001, det. F. Schumm 2001.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[8737], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Rems-Murr-Kreis, an Fichten
bei Murrhardt, 48°59.370 N, 9°35.023 E, 320 m, TK: 023. Leg. F.
Schumm, 22.06.2001, det. F. Schumm 2001.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[8737], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Rems-Murr-Kreis, an Fichten
bei Murrhardt, 48°59.370 N, 9°35.023 E, 320 m, TK: 023. Leg. F.
Schumm, 22.06.2001, det. F. Schumm 2001.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[8737], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Rems-Murr-Kreis, an Fichten
bei Murrhardt, 48°59.370 N, 9°35.023 E, 320 m, TK: 023. Leg. F.
Schumm, 22.06.2001, det. F. Schumm 2001.
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Bodenwöhr
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Bodenwöhr
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[VZ2255], Bohemoslovacia. Slovacia. Carpates, Tatra Magna: supra
balneas Tatranská Lomnica secus viam ad Velká Studená dolina duc3
tam, 1000 m. Ad corticem Piceae excelsae. Leg. J. Horáková et. A.
Vezda. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2255.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[VZ2255], Bohemoslovacia. Slovacia. Carpates, Tatra Magna: supra
balneas Tatranská Lomnica secus viam ad Velká Studená dolina duc3
tam, 1000 m. Ad corticem Piceae excelsae. Leg. J. Horáková et. A.
Vezda. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2255.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Subcontinental: restricted to areas with a dry-subcontinental climate (e.g. dry Alpine valleys, parts of Mediterranean Italy)
In underhangs rarely wetted by rain
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Montane belt: extremely rare
Dry submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Humid submediterranean belt: very rare
Padanian area: absent
pH of the substrata:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Solar irradiation:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Aridity:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Eutrophication:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Poleotolerance:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Altitudinal distribution:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map
Current prediction (1981-2010)Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 1-2.6Future prediction (2071-2100) SSP 5-8.5Predictive maps according to Francesconi et al. 2025
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (11503)
2001/12/05
Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu
Andres Saag; Owner: University of Tartu
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)
Juri Nascimbene – CC BY-SA 4.0; Owner: Department of ùLife Sciences, University of Trieste
Paneveggio, Trentino, Italy
P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (34867)
2002/02/17
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsior beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsa beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall
Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall
Domenico Puntillo - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37227
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37227
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 37228
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 41903
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 41905
Pier Luigi Nimis - CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 41905
Domenico Puntillo CC BY-SA 4.0
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
France, Argonne
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
France, Argonne
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
Wallonie
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
Wallonie
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
Jacquesa Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=497&lang=en
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[4540], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, an Picea excelsior beim Wasserfall, ca. 360 m. Leg. Schumm 23.05.1993
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[8737], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Rems-Murr-Kreis, an Fichten bei Murrhardt, 48°59.370 N, 9°35.023 E, 320 m, TK: 023. Leg. F. Schumm, 22.06.2001, det. F. Schumm 2001.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[8737], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Rems-Murr-Kreis, an Fichten bei Murrhardt, 48°59.370 N, 9°35.023 E, 320 m, TK: 023. Leg. F. Schumm, 22.06.2001, det. F. Schumm 2001.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[8737], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Rems-Murr-Kreis, an Fichten bei Murrhardt, 48°59.370 N, 9°35.023 E, 320 m, TK: 023. Leg. F. Schumm, 22.06.2001, det. F. Schumm 2001.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[8737], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Rems-Murr-Kreis, an Fichten bei Murrhardt, 48°59.370 N, 9°35.023 E, 320 m, TK: 023. Leg. F. Schumm, 22.06.2001, det. F. Schumm 2001.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[8737], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Rems-Murr-Kreis, an Fichten bei Murrhardt, 48°59.370 N, 9°35.023 E, 320 m, TK: 023. Leg. F. Schumm, 22.06.2001, det. F. Schumm 2001.
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[8737], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Rems-Murr-Kreis, an Fichten bei Murrhardt, 48°59.370 N, 9°35.023 E, 320 m, TK: 023. Leg. F. Schumm, 22.06.2001, det. F. Schumm 2001.
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Bodenwöhr
Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Bodenwöhr
Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[VZ2255], Bohemoslovacia. Slovacia. Carpates, Tatra Magna: supra balneas Tatranská Lomnica secus viam ad Velká Studená dolina duc3 tam, 1000 m. Ad corticem Piceae excelsae. Leg. J. Horáková et. A. Vezda. EX A. VEZDA LICHENES SELECTI EXSICCATI NR. 2255.
