Cliostomum griffithii (Sm.) Coppins

in Hawksworth & al., Lichenologist, 12: 106, 1980. Basionym: Lichen griffithii Sm. - Engl. Bot., 25: pl. 1735, 1807.
Synonyms: Bacidia imitatrix Malme; Biatora anomala (Ach.) Fr.; Biatora mixta Fr.; Biatorina griffithii (Sm.) A. Massal.; Biatorina mixta (Fr.) Hellb.; Biatorina tricolor auct.; Catillaria griffithii (Sm.) H. Magn.; Catillaria tricolor auct. non (With.) Th. Fr.; Lecidea anomala Ach.; Lecidea tricolor sensu Nyl.
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, continuous or rimose, pale greenish grey to bluish grey, smooth or warted, with a more or less well-developed phenocortex covered with an epinecral layer. Apothecia biatorine, 0.2-0.8(-1.7) mm across, with a concave to finally slightly convex, pale yellow, pale pink, violet grey to pure black, often mottled, epruinose or thinly white-pruinose disc, and a concolorous or paler, raised to finally excluded proper margin. Proper exciple of radially arranged hyphae, 30-50 µm wide laterally, pale brown to black-brown and K+ violet in outer and upper parts, colourless or pale yellow within, with small crystals soluble in K; epithecium colourless or yellowish brown, with small crystals soluble in K, the pigmented parts K+ violet; hymenium colourless, 45-60 µm high, I+ blue; paraphyses mostly simple, c. 1.5 µm thick at base, the apical cells more or less clavate, 2-4 µm wide; hypothecium colourless or pale yellow. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, the tholus with a conical, blunt, sometimes indistinct ocular chamber and a distinctly conical axial body, the remainder of tholus I+ dark blue, darkest around the axial body. Ascospores 1(-3)-septate. hyaline, narrowly ellipsoid or oblong, straight or slightly curved, 8-16 x 2.5-3.5(-4) µm. Pycnidia immersed or almost sessile, black, 0.1-0.2(-0.3) mm across, smooth, often widely gaping and irregularly shaped, sometimes becoming multilocular, the wall with a brown, K+ purplish pigment. Conidia 1-celled, drop-shaped to bacilliform, 3-5 x 1.3-2 µm. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K+ pale yellow, C-, KC-, P+ pale yellow. Chemistry: thallus with atranorin, chloroatranorin, roccellic acid, sometimes caperatic acid, and unidentified fatty acids; apothecia with traces of usnic acid.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Most common in areas with a humid-warm climate (e.g. most of Tyrrenian Italy)

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Dry submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Humid submediterranean belt: extremely rare
Padanian area: absent

pH of the substrata:

12345
info

Solar irradiation:

12345
info

Aridity:

12345
info

Eutrophication:

12345
info

Poleotolerance:

0123
info

Altitudinal distribution:

123456
info

Rarity

absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map

Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)


P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (10805)
2001/12/09


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php (Courtesy: Anita Stridvall)


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, Crozon


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, Crozon


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, Crozon


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, Crozon


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, Crozon


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, Crozon


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, Concarneau


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, Beg Meil


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, La Palue


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, Roscanvel


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, La Palue, sur Tamarix


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, La Palue, sur Tamarix


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, Roscanvel


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, Roscanvel


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, Roscanvel


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, Roscanvel


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, Crozon


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, Crozon


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, Crozon
pycnidiospores


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, Crozon
spores


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, Crozon
spores


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=644&lang=en
France, Crozon
spores


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Gemany: Hesse.