Diplotomma alboatrum (Hoffm.) Flot.
Uebers. Schles. Ges. vaterl. Kultur: 130, 1849. Basionym: Lichen alboater Hoffm. - Enum. Lich. Icon.: 30, 1784.
Synonyms: Abacina alboatra (Hoffm.) Norman; Buellia alboatra (Hoffm.) Th. Fr.; Buellia alboatra var. ambigua (Ach.) Th. Fr.; Buellia alboatra var. subochracea Zahlbr.; Buellia alboatra var. vulgata Th. Fr.; Buellia alboatra var. zabotica (Körb.) Th. Fr.; Buellia ambigua (Ach.) Malme; Buellia atromaculata Sandst.; Buellia epipolia (Ach.) Mong. non auct.; Buellia lainea (Ach.) Clauzade & Ozenda; Buellia subochracea (Zahlbr.) J. Steiner; Diplotomma ambiguum (Ach.) Flagey; Diplotomma epipolium (Ach.) Arnold non auct.; Diplotomma epipolium var. ambiguum (Ach.) Arnold; Diplotomma heppianum (Müll. Arg.) Arnold; Diplotomma subochraceum (Zahlbr.) Szatala; Diplotomma tegulare Körb.; Lecidea ambigua Ach.; Lecidea heppiana Müll. Arg.; Lichen epipolius Ach. non auct.; Rhizocarpon alboatrum (Hoffm.) Anzi; Rhizocarpon soreumidium (stirt.) A.L. Sm.
Description: Thallus crustose, episubstratic, pale grey, epruinose, forming up to 2 cm wide patches, smooth or rimose, without a distinct prothallus. Cortex colourless, indistinctly paraplectenchymatous; medulla white, I-. Apothecia lecideine, black, 0.2-1.3(-1.5) mm across, immersed to subsessile, with a flat to convex, often pruinose disc, a thin sometimes excluded proper margin, and sometimes a pseudothalline margin in young apothecia. Proper exciple thin, brown in outer part, colourless to pale brown in inner part, of radiating hyphae; epithecium brown; hymenium colourless, 45-75 μm high, K/I+ blue; paraphyses simple, c. 2 μm thick at mid-level, the apical cells slightly capitate, up to 3 μm wide; hypothecium brown. Asci 8-spored, clavate to cylindrical-clavate, the apical dome K/I+ dark blue with a pale, conical-pointed apical cushion (axial mass), the wall I-, but the thin outer gel I+ blue, approaching the Bacidia-type. Ascospores at first 3-septate, then most often submuriform, brown, ellipsoid, sometimes slightly curved, thick-walled, (11-)13-20(-25) x (6-)8-10(-15) μm. Pycnidia rare, immersed, the wall brown in upper part, colourless in lower part. Conidia ellipsoid. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: K-, C-, KC-, P-, UV-. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark and rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Montane belt: extremely rare
Dry submediterranean belt: rare
Humid submediterranean belt: rather rare
Padanian area: extremely rare
pH of the substrata:
1 2 3 4 5
Solar irradiation:
1 2 3 4 5
Aridity:
1 2 3 4 5
Eutrophication:
1 2 3 4 5
Poleotolerance:
0 1 2 3
Altitudinal distribution:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map

P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (18082)
2008.03.06

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14192], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, Angra Do Heroismo, Fortaleza de Dao Joao Baptista, 38°39.171' N, 27°13.457' W, ca. 44 m, an Mauern aus Lava. Leg. A. Aptroot & F. Schumm 17.07.2008, det. F. Schumm 2008.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14192], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, Angra Do Heroismo, Fortaleza de Dao Joao Baptista, 38°39.171' N, 27°13.457' W, ca. 44 m, an Mauern aus Lava. Leg. A. Aptroot & F. Schumm 17.07.2008, det. F. Schumm 2008.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14192], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, Angra Do Heroismo, Fortaleza de Dao Joao Baptista, 38°39.171' N, 27°13.457' W, ca. 44 m, an Mauern aus Lava. Leg. A. Aptroot & F. Schumm 17.07.2008, det. F. Schumm 2008.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14192], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, Angra Do Heroismo, Fortaleza de Dao Joao Baptista, 38°39.171' N, 27°13.457' W, ca. 44 m, an Mauern aus Lava. Leg. A. Aptroot & F. Schumm 17.07.2008, det. F. Schumm 2008.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14192], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, Angra Do Heroismo, Fortaleza de Dao Joao Baptista, 38°39.171' N, 27°13.457' W, ca. 44 m, an Mauern aus Lava. Leg. A. Aptroot & F. Schumm 17.07.2008, det. F. Schumm 2008.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14192], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, Angra Do Heroismo, Fortaleza de Dao Joao Baptista, 38°39.171' N, 27°13.457' W, ca. 44 m, an Mauern aus Lava. Leg. A. Aptroot & F. Schumm 17.07.2008, det. F. Schumm 2008.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14192], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, Angra Do Heroismo, Fortaleza de Dao Joao Baptista, 38°39.171' N, 27°13.457' W, ca. 44 m, an Mauern aus Lava. Leg. A. Aptroot & F. Schumm 17.07.2008, det. F. Schumm 2008.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14192], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, Angra Do Heroismo, Fortaleza de Dao Joao Baptista, 38°39.171' N, 27°13.457' W, ca. 44 m, an Mauern aus Lava. Leg. A. Aptroot & F. Schumm 17.07.2008, det. F. Schumm 2008.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14192], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, Angra Do Heroismo, Fortaleza de Dao Joao Baptista, 38°39.171' N, 27°13.457' W, ca. 44 m, an Mauern aus Lava. Leg. A. Aptroot & F. Schumm 17.07.2008, det. F. Schumm 2008.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (18082)
2008.03.06

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_D/Diplotomma_alboatrum_cort.htm
France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_D/Diplotomma_alboatrum_cort.htm
France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_D/Diplotomma_alboatrum_cort.htm
France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_D/Diplotomma_alboatrum_cort.htm
France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1001&lang=en
Belgium, Soulme
forme corticole

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1001&lang=en
Belgium, Soulme
forme corticole

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1001&lang=en
Belgium, Soulme
forme corticole

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1001&lang=en
Belgium, Soulme
forme corticole

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1001&lang=en
Belgium, Soulme
forme corticole

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1001&lang=en
Belgium, Soulme
forme corticole

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1001&lang=en
Belgium, Soulme
forme corticole

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1001&lang=en
Belgium, Soulme
forme corticole

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1001&lang=en
Belgium, Soulme
forme corticole

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
Growth form: Crustose
Substrata: bark and rocks
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
Commonnes-rarity: (info)
Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Montane belt: extremely rare
Dry submediterranean belt: rare
Humid submediterranean belt: rather rare
Padanian area: extremely rare
pH of the substrata:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Solar irradiation:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Aridity:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Eutrophication:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Poleotolerance:
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Altitudinal distribution:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Rarity
absent
extremely rare
very rare
rare
rather rare
rather common
common
very common
extremely common
Loading data...
Occurrence data
Predictive map

P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (18082)
2008.03.06

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14192], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, Angra Do Heroismo, Fortaleza de Dao Joao Baptista, 38°39.171' N, 27°13.457' W, ca. 44 m, an Mauern aus Lava. Leg. A. Aptroot & F. Schumm 17.07.2008, det. F. Schumm 2008.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14192], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, Angra Do Heroismo, Fortaleza de Dao Joao Baptista, 38°39.171' N, 27°13.457' W, ca. 44 m, an Mauern aus Lava. Leg. A. Aptroot & F. Schumm 17.07.2008, det. F. Schumm 2008.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14192], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, Angra Do Heroismo, Fortaleza de Dao Joao Baptista, 38°39.171' N, 27°13.457' W, ca. 44 m, an Mauern aus Lava. Leg. A. Aptroot & F. Schumm 17.07.2008, det. F. Schumm 2008.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14192], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, Angra Do Heroismo, Fortaleza de Dao Joao Baptista, 38°39.171' N, 27°13.457' W, ca. 44 m, an Mauern aus Lava. Leg. A. Aptroot & F. Schumm 17.07.2008, det. F. Schumm 2008.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14192], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, Angra Do Heroismo, Fortaleza de Dao Joao Baptista, 38°39.171' N, 27°13.457' W, ca. 44 m, an Mauern aus Lava. Leg. A. Aptroot & F. Schumm 17.07.2008, det. F. Schumm 2008.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14192], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, Angra Do Heroismo, Fortaleza de Dao Joao Baptista, 38°39.171' N, 27°13.457' W, ca. 44 m, an Mauern aus Lava. Leg. A. Aptroot & F. Schumm 17.07.2008, det. F. Schumm 2008.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14192], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, Angra Do Heroismo, Fortaleza de Dao Joao Baptista, 38°39.171' N, 27°13.457' W, ca. 44 m, an Mauern aus Lava. Leg. A. Aptroot & F. Schumm 17.07.2008, det. F. Schumm 2008.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14192], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, Angra Do Heroismo, Fortaleza de Dao Joao Baptista, 38°39.171' N, 27°13.457' W, ca. 44 m, an Mauern aus Lava. Leg. A. Aptroot & F. Schumm 17.07.2008, det. F. Schumm 2008.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[14192], Portugal, Azoren, Terceira, Angra Do Heroismo, Fortaleza de Dao Joao Baptista, 38°39.171' N, 27°13.457' W, ca. 44 m, an Mauern aus Lava. Leg. A. Aptroot & F. Schumm 17.07.2008, det. F. Schumm 2008.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

P.L.Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (18082)
2008.03.06

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_D/Diplotomma_alboatrum_cort.htm
France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_D/Diplotomma_alboatrum_cort.htm
France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_D/Diplotomma_alboatrum_cort.htm
France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot

Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_D/Diplotomma_alboatrum_cort.htm
France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1001&lang=en
Belgium, Soulme
forme corticole

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1001&lang=en
Belgium, Soulme
forme corticole

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1001&lang=en
Belgium, Soulme
forme corticole

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1001&lang=en
Belgium, Soulme
forme corticole

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1001&lang=en
Belgium, Soulme
forme corticole

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1001&lang=en
Belgium, Soulme
forme corticole

Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[17087], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Göppingen, an Mauern des Kloster Adelberg, 48,75827° N, 9,59839° E, 460 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 05.03.2011.

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1001&lang=en
Belgium, Soulme
forme corticole

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1001&lang=en
Belgium, Soulme
forme corticole

Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=1001&lang=en
Belgium, Soulme
forme corticole

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.

Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Central Europe; Germany: Hesse.
