Enchylium polycarpon (Hoffm.) Otálora, P.M. Jørg. & Wedin subsp. polycarpon

Fungal Divers., 64, 1: 286, 2013. Basionym: Collema polycarpon Hoffm. - Deutschl. Fl.: 102, 1796.
Synonyms: Collema melaenum var. polycarpon (Hoffm.) Nyl.; Collema multifidum var. polycarpon (Hoffm.) Rabenh.; Collema orbiculare (Schaer.) Tonglet; Collema stygium auct.; Collema stygium var. orbiculare (Schaer.) Rabenh.; Collemodium polycarpoides Nyl.; Lathagrium orbiculare (Schaer.) Arnold; Leptogium polycarpoides (Nyl.) Harm.; Parmelia stygia var. orbicularis Schaer.; Synechoblastus orbicularis (Schaer.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Synechoblastus polycarpus (Hoffm.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
Description: Thallus foliose, homoiomerous, gelatinous and 300-600 µm thick when wet, deeply lobed, forming 2-6(-10) cm wide rosettes. Lobes radiating, elongate, 1-2.5 mm wide, contiguous, adnate for most of their length, with small adventive, ascending or erect lobules along the margins towards the center, often slightly channelled towards apices, the tips much swollen and coarsely plicate. Upper surface dark olive-brown to black, dull, without isidia; lower surface usually somewhat paler with tufts of white hapters. Upper and lower cortex absent. Apothecia common, lecanorine, terminal and marginal, crowded towards thallus center, sessile to stipitate (often borne on the marginal lobules), 0.5-2(-3) mm across, with a flat to slightly convex, red-brown to (rarely) black disc, and a rather thin, smooth, more or less persistent thalline margin. Thalline exciple ecorticate; proper exciple rather thin, small-celled subparaplectenchymatous, with elongated cells; hymenium colourless, 65-110 µm high, I+ blue; paraphyses simple or sparingly branched in upper part, 2-3 µm thick at mid-level, the apical cells 4-6.5 µm wide; hypothecium yellowish or yellowish brown, I+ blue. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical-clavate, the apex strongly thickened, the apical dome K/I+ pale blue, with a downwardly projecting K/I+ deep blue tubular structure. Ascospores (2-)3(-4)-septate, hyaline, fusiform with acute ends, (13-)18-28(-30) x (5-)6.5-8.5(-10) µm. Pycnidia laminal or marginal, immersed in warts, globose, paler than thallus. Conidia bacilliform, usually with swollen ends, straight or slightly curved, 5-7 x 1-1.5 µm. Photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc, the cells in long chains). Spot tests: all negative. Chemistry: without lichen substances.
Growth form: Foliose, broad lobed
Substrata: rocks
Photobiont: cyanobacteria, filamentous (e.g. Nostoc, Scytonema)
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: very rare
Subalpine belt: rare
Montane belt: rather common
Dry submediterranean belt: common
Humid submediterranean belt: very common
Padanian area: very rare

pH of the substrata:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Rarity

absent
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Occurrence data
Predictive map

Leif Stridvall http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php


Leif Stridvall - Source: http://www.stridvall.se/la/galleries.php


Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Conconello
14/02/2017


Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste, Conconello
14/02/2017


Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
20/02/2017


Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
20/02/2017


Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
20/02/2017


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.


Felix Schumm - CC BY-SA 4.0
[16623], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Alb-Donau-Kreis, zwischen Altheim und Gerstetten an südexponierten Kalkfelsen im Hungerbrunnental, 48.59616° N, 10.03926° E, 545 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 25.08.2010.


Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern


Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern


Juri Nascimbene - CC BY-SA 4.0
Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen, Sciliar/Schlern


Felix Schumm – CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Felix Schumm CC BY-SA 4.0
[16576], Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kreis Esslingen, Neuffen, an Mauern der Ruine Hohenneuffen, 48.55492° N, 9.39356° E, ca. 710 m. Leg. et det. Schumm 12.08.2010


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


Leif Stridvall
Courtesy: Anita Stridvall -Source: http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/


P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 5746


P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 4.0
TSB 31846


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Walter Obermayer CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: Lichens of Noricum - http://lichens-of-noricum.uni-graz.at/


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Austria: Alps


Ulrich Kirschbaum CC BY-SA 4.0 - Source: https://www.thm.de/lse/ulrich-kirschbaum/flechtenbilder
Austria: Alps


Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Lauterachtal


Wolfgang von Brackel - CC BY-4.0
Germany, Bavaria, Lauterachtal


Degelius G. 1954. The lichen genus Collema in Europe: Morphology, Taxonomy, Ecology. Symbolae Bot. Upsal. 13, 2: 1-499.


Zahlbruckner A. 1926. Lichenes (Flechten). In: Engler A. (ed.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed., vol 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp.


Degelius G. 1954. The lichen genus Collema in Europe: Morphology, Taxonomy, Ecology. Symbolae Bot. Upsal. 13, 2: 1-499.